知信行干预对人工流产青少年生殖知识及行为的影响观察

目的探讨知信行干预对20岁以下青少年人工流产女性生殖知识掌握程度及行为情况的影响。方法将2011年11月-2012年4月在北京市海淀医院门诊人工流产的158例青少年女性随机分成对照组和治疗组两组,对照组给予传统常规护理,治疗组给予知信行干预护理,通过医院专业人员自拟人工流产青少年性和相关生殖健康知识问卷方式进行调查,比较护理前后两组患者对生殖避孕知识的知晓程度和行为情况,及两组患者的心理焦虑评分。结果在调查的158例来诊流产的青年女性中,初次性行为人数随着年龄的不断增大而增多,初次妊娠人数以16～岁年龄段最多;知信行干预后,患者的避孕知识知晓率和采取避孕措施率分别为91.46%和85.37%,显著高于对照组知识知晓率68.42%和采取避孕措施率85.37%（P〈0.05）;干预组知晓STD、HIV的占比分别为64.63%和71.95%,显著高于对照组15.79%和31.58%（P〈0.05）;入院时两组的心理焦虑评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;干预组进行知信行教育之后在术前1 d、术后1周和术后1个月的心理焦虑评分均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论知信行干预有助于大大提高青少年人工流产女性生殖知识的掌握程度和行为情况,医务人员、学校、家庭等应对青少年常进行知信行教育,以减少对青少年女性的伤害。

Observation on Impact of Knowledge, Attitude, Belief and Practice (KABP) Intervention on Reproductive Knowledge and Behavior of Artificial Abortion Adolescents

Objective To investigate the effect of knowledge,attitude,belief and practice(KABP) intervention on the awareness of female reproductive knowledge and behavior in artificial abortion adolescents under 20 years old.Methods One hundred and fifty-eight female adolescents underwent artificial abortion in Outpatient Department of Beijing Haidian Hospital from November 2011 to April 2012 were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.Control group was given conventional care,while treatment group received KABP intervention care.Questionnaires about sexual and reproductive health knowledge designed by medical professionals were used in the survey.Before and after the nursing care,the awareness of reproductive and contraceptive knowledge,behavior and the score of psychological anxiety were compared between the two groups.Results Among the 158 female adolescents surveyed,the number of sexual debut increased with the age increased,and the number of first pregnancy mainly focused on the age group of 16～ years.After KABP intervention,the awareness rate of contraceptive knowledge and contraception rate in the patients were 91.46% and 85.37% respectively,which were significantly higher than those of control group(68.42% and 85.37%),(P<0.05).The awareness rates of STD and HIV in intervention group were 64.63% and 71.95%,which were significantly higher than those of control group(15.79% and 31.58%),(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was found in the score of psychological anxiety at admission time between the two groups(P>0.05).After KABP intervention,the scores of psychological anxiety on one day before surgery,one week after surgery and one month after surgery in intervention group were all significantly lower than those of control group(P<0.05).Conclusions KABP intervention is conducive to greatly improving the awareness of female reproductive knowledge and behavior in artificial abortion adolescents.Medical staff,schools,and families should give regular KABP education so as to reduce the harmfulness for the female adolescents.