游泳场所差异管理与卫生状况关联研究

目的分析游泳池水质卫生状况,评价游泳场所不同管理方式对卫生指标的影响,优化管理,改善卫生现状。方法使用统一调查表,对15家游泳池进行现场调查,同时采集水样检测,贝照《游泳场所卫生标准》（GB9667-1996）进行评价,利用SPSS统计软件包进行分析。结果所有单位均有卫生许可证、卫生制度健全、健康证查阅制度规范、设有禁止入场标志;但是换水间隔、强制淋浴、消毒剂投放、游离余氯管理等四个环节管理存在一定差异。温度、pH值、浑浊度合格率均为100%,尿素、游离余氯、细菌总数和大肠菌群合格率依次为60%、53.3%、93.3%、93.3%。24～48 h补水10家（尿素合格率80%）,而每周换水5家中尿素（合格率20%）,尿素合格率差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.00,P〈0.05）;强制淋浴6家（尿素合格率100%）,不强制淋浴9家（尿素合格率66.7%）,尿素合格率差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.667,P〈0.05）;机械液氯消毒7家（游离余氯合格率71.4%）/人工次氯酸钠消毒8家（游离余氯合格率37.5%）,游泳池游离余氯合格率差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.529,P〈0.05）;尿素浓度与细菌总数相关分析,具有非常显著的相关性（r=0.840,P〈0.01）;浸脚池游离余氯浓度和游泳池水游离余氯浓度相关分析,线性相关明显（r=0.6572,P〈0.05）。结论 24～48h补水、强制淋浴均能提高游泳池水尿素的检出合格率;机械液氯消毒和控制浸脚池游离余氯的浓度能提高游泳池水游离余氯的检出合格率;降低尿素的浓度有助于提高细菌检出合格率。

Study on Association Between Different Management Styles and Hygiene Situation of Swimming Pools

Objective To analyze the hygiene situation of swimming pool water and evaluate the effect of different management styles on the hygiene situation so as to find a way to run public swimming pools better and meanwhile improve their hygiene situations.Methods We conducted the research by sampling and survey to 15 public swimming pools.Water samples of these swimming pools were collected and evaluated according to Hygiene Standard for Public Swimming Pools(GB9667-1996).And the detection results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.Results All the public swimming pools had sanitation licenses,and well-developed internal codes for hygiene,such as health certificate check and the signs of "No Admission".The pools,however,varied from one another in some respects,such as water changing interval,compulsory shower,use of disinfectant,and self-management on free residual chlorine.The passing rates of temperature,pH level,and turbidity were all 100%.The qualified rates of urea,free residual chlorine,total bacterial count and coliform bacteria were 60%,53.3%,93.3% and 93.3%,respectively.10 of all the pools did water replenishment within 24-48 hours(the passing rate of urea was 80%),while the rest 5 pools changed water each week(with the qualified rate of 20%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=5.00,P<0.05).6 of all the pools required compulsory shower before going down into the water(the passing rate of urea was 100%),while the rest 9 pools did not(the passing rate of urea was 66.7%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=6.667,P<0.05).7 of all the pools used liquid chlorine as disinfectant by mechanized operation(the passing rate of free residual chlorine was 71.4%),while the rest 8 used sodium hypochlorite as disinfectant by manual operation(the passing rate of free residual chlorine was 37.5%),the differences were statistically significant(χ2=5.529,P<0.05).The interdependency analysis result showed that the concentration of urea was highly correlated with total bacterial count(r=0.840,P<0.01).There existed a strong linear relationship between the concentration of free residual chlorine in footbath water and that in swimming pool water(r=0.6572,P<0.05).Conclusions Water replenishment within 24-48 hours and compulsory shower can both improve the passing rate of urea.Using liquid chlorine as disinfectant by mechanized operation and controlling the concentration of free residual chlorine in footbath water can improve the qualified rate of free residual chlorine in swimming pool water.And decreasing the concentration of urea is conducive to reducing total bacterial count in swimming pool water.