免疫球蛋白在自身免疫性大疱病的研究进展

免疫球蛋白作为人体内具有活性的免疫效应分子，在自身免疫性大疱病的发病、诊断及治疗中发挥着重要的作用。人免疫球蛋白可以分为IgG、IgA、IgM、IgD、IgE5大类，除IgD外其他都在自身免疫性大疱病的发病过程中存在并发挥不同的作用。IgG可通过激活补体、活化白细胞、释放蛋白水解酶等诱发水疱形成，其不同亚型也有所区别。IgA可引起粒细胞迁移从而导致水疱脓疱的发生。IgE与荨麻疹样红斑、嗜酸性粒细胞浸润相关。IgM多见于巴西落叶型天疱疮。这些都为自身免疫性大疱病的诊断和治疗提供了新的思路。

Immunoglobulins in autoimmune bullous diseases

As one of active immune effector molecules,immunoglobulins play an important role in the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune bullous diseases.Human immunoglobulins can be divided into 5 categories,including IgG,IgA,IgM,IgD and IgE,and all of them participate in and play different roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune bullous diseases except IgD.IgG can induce the formation of blisters by activating complements and leukocytes as well as by releasing proteolytic enzymes,and different subtypes of IgG differ in biological activities.IgA can cause granulocyte migration and lead to the formation of blisters and pustules.IgE is associated with urticaria-like erythema and eosinophil infiltration.IgM is usually seen in Brazilian pemphigus foliaceus.These findings may provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune bullous diseases.