Resonance properties of different neuronal populations in the immature mouse neocortex

In vivo recordings in the immature neocortex revealed spontaneous and sensory‐driven oscillatory activity from delta (0.5–4 Hz) to gamma (30–100 Hz) frequencies. In order to investigate whether the resonance properties of distinct neuronal populations in the immature neocortex contribute to these network oscillations, we performed whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings from visually identified neurons in tangential and coronal neocortical slices from postnatal day (P)0–P7 C57Bl/6 mice. Subthreshold resonance was analysed by sinusoidal current injection of varying frequency. All Cajal–Retzius cells showed subthreshold resonance, with an average frequency of 2.6 ± 0.1 Hz (n = 60), which was massively reduced by ZD7288, a blocker of hyperpolarization‐activated cation currents. Approximately 65.6% (n = 61) of the supragranular pyramidal neurons showed subthreshold resonance, with an average frequency of 1.4 ± 0.1 Hz (n = 40). Application of Ni²⁺ suppressed subthreshold resonance, suggesting that low‐threshold calcium currents contribute to resonance in these neurons. Approximately 63.6% (n = 77) of the layer V pyramidal neurons showed subthreshold resonance, with an average frequency of 1.4 ± 0.2 Hz (n = 49), which was abolished by ZD7288. Only 44.1% (n = 59) of the subplate neurons showed subthreshold resonance, with an average frequency of 1.3 ± 0.2 Hz (n = 26) and a small resonance strength. In summary, these results demonstrate that neurons in all investigated layers show resonance behavior, with either hyperpolarization‐activated cation or low‐threshold calcium currents contributing to the subthreshold resonance. The observed resonance frequencies are in the range of slow activity patterns observed in the immature neocortex, suggesting that subthreshold resonance may support the generation of this activity.