新型颌面部爆炸伤模型建立及损伤特点观察

目的：建立标准的颌面部爆炸伤模型，观察组织损伤特点，方法：实验选用点状爆炸源距新西兰白兔面部不同距离引爆致伤，选择合适的致伤模型，于伤后0．5，6、24、72小时，15天观察伤情，切取皮肤咬肌，面神经组织标本行光镜，透射电镜观察。结果：0．125gTNT当量炸药球距离兔左面部2mm处引爆，可致兔面部软组织挫裂伤，下颌骨粉碎性骨折，伤情可重复，动物存活，伤区皮肤坏死范围约3mm，肌肉组织坏死范围可达10mm，伤后动物出现面瘫症状，面神经水肿充血，髓鞘空泡样变性，雪旺细胞肿胀，炎细胞浸润。结论：0．125gTNT当量炸药球距离兔左面部2mm处引爆，为颌面部爆炸伤标准动物模型，爆炸可引起软组织骨、面神经损伤。

Establishment of a new maxillofacial blast injury model and observation of injury characteristics

Objective To establish an animal model of maxillofacial blast injury and study the characteristics of maxillofacial blast injury.?Methods Model was established by exploding on left face in 20 rabbits with little dynamite balls. histopathological changes at various time were studied.?Results Exploding 0.125g TNT quantum dynamite ball 2mm away from rabbit's left face can lead to facial soft tissue injury and mandibular fracture while the rabbits still alive. These injuries are reproducible.Diameter of necrosis skin was about 3 mm. Muscle necrosis area was nearly 10 mm wide.Facial nerve paralysis occurred after explosion.Facial nerve edema, hyperaemia, degeneration and swelling of Schwann's cell and infiltration of inflammatory cells were found.?Conclusion The explosion with 0.1gTNT quantum dynamite ball 2mm away from rabbit's left face can lead to soft tissue injury, fracture and facial nerve injury. It provides a standard animal model of maxillofacial blast injury.