Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in the Two Major Forms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
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Authors: | Laszlo Bene Andras Falus Noemi Baffy Andras Kristof Fulop |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Internal Medicine, Peterfy Hospital, Budapest, Hungary;(2) Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, POB 370 H-1445, Hungary;(3) Research Group for Inflammation Biology and Immunogenomics of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; |
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Abstract: | The factors involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major types of inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) are summarized. Intestinal antigens composed of bacterial flora along with antigen presentation and impaired
mucosal barrier have an important role in the initiation of IBD. The bacterial community may be modified by the use of antibiotics
and probiotics. The dentritic cells recognize the antigens by cell surface Toll like receptor and the cytoplasmic CARD/NOD
system. The balance between Th1/Th2/Th17 cell populations being the source of a variety of cytokines regulates the inflammatory
mechanisms and the clearance of microbes. The intracellular killing and digestion, including autophagy, are important in the
protection against microbes and their toxins. The homing process determines the location and distribution of the immune cells
along the gut. All these players are potential targets of pharmacological manipulation of disease status. |
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