基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱在真菌快速鉴定中的应用

真菌是广泛分布于自然界的真核生物,对人类具有致病性的约300种。不同种真菌的生长特性、临床特点及耐药性不同。真菌生长缓慢,传统的培养鉴定方法所需时间较长,且日益多样化的真菌,使鉴定难度不断增加,这些均限制了临床的早期诊断和针对性治疗。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)是一种新兴的诊断技术,可以通过直接检测生物标志物(蛋白)来鉴定病毒、细菌、分枝杆菌等,具有操作简便、快速、准确率高、成本低的特点。本文对MALDI-TOF MS在真菌鉴定中的应用进行综述,发现其对酵母样真菌的正确鉴定率可达到94%以上,丝状真菌正确鉴定率也可达到89%,可满足临床实验室鉴定真菌的需求。

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification of fungi

Fungi are widely distributed in nature, and about 300 species of fungi are pathogenic to humans with different growth characteristics, clinical features and drug resistance. As fungi are slowly growing microorganisms, the culture and identification of fungi by conventional methods are time-consuming. In addition, the increasing diversity of fungal pathogens makes the identification more difficult. All these restrict the early diagnosis and targeted therapies. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an emerging diagnostic technique in recent years, which can identify viruses, bacteria, mycobacteria and so on through direct detection of biomarkers (proteins). It is a simple and fast diagnostic method with high accuracy and low cost. This review focuses on the identification of fungi by MALDI-TOF MS. Studies have shown that correct identification by MALDI-TOF MS is observed in more than 94% of yeast-like fungi, and 89% of filamentous fungi. Therefore, MALDI-TOF MS proves to meet the demand for the identification of fungi in clinical laboratory.