三脉紫菀有效组分配比的平喘作用及其毒性研究

目的：研究三脉紫菀抗慢支组分平喘作用的最佳配比及其毒性。方法合格豚鼠72只，体质量（300±20）g ，雄性，分为空白组、氨茶碱组（0．047 g／kg ）、三脉紫菀总皂苷与总黄酮不同配比组（8∶1、4∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶4、1∶8，0．38 g／kg ）。各组连续灌胃给药3 d ，每天1次，采用His‐Ach雾化引喘法通过诱咳引喘仪优选最佳配比；制备豚鼠离体气管环标本，采用Pow‐erlab生物信号采集系统，考察豚鼠平滑肌条在正常克氏液条件下加入氯化乙酰胆碱（Ach）后的收缩变化，以及其他组分别在Ach致平滑肌收缩最明显时，加入氨茶碱（1．25 mg／mL ）后的平滑肌舒张百分率。采用经典的小鼠急性毒性实验方法，考察三脉紫菀总皂苷、总黄酮及其1∶2配比的急性毒性。结果较之空白组，氨茶碱组、其他各给药组的致喘潜伏期延长显著（P＜0．05），其中1∶1、1∶2、1∶4组与其他配比组均有显著差异（P＜0．05），但又以1∶2组引喘潜伏期最长。氨茶碱组与各配比组均能明显松弛Ach导致收缩的豚鼠气管平滑肌，其中氨茶碱组舒张百分率最大（24．12±1．20）％，各配比组舒张百分率不及氨茶碱组（ P＜0．05），但以1∶2组与之最接近。三脉紫菀总皂苷、总黄酮及其1∶2配比对小鼠的最大耐受量分别为300、345、325 g／kg。结论在给药总量恒定的情况下，三脉紫菀总皂苷与总黄酮1∶2平喘解痉作用明显，其总黄酮、总皂苷及1∶2配比的急性毒性实验未显示明显的毒性作用，安全性相对良好。

Study on the effective compositions of Aster ageratoides Turcz for relieving asthma and its toxicity

Objective To study the effective composition of Aster ageratoides Turcz for relieving asthma and its toxicity . Methods Seventy‐two qualified male guinea pigs ,body mass(300 ± 20)g ,were randomly divided into the control group ,aminophyl‐line group(0 .047 g/kg) and different ratio group of total saponins and total flavonoids (8∶1 ,4∶1 ,2∶1 ,1∶1 ,1∶2 ,1∶4 ,1∶8) . Every group received at dose of 0 .38 g/kg once a day for 3 days by intragastric administration .The effect of relieving asthma was taken as the indicators for the optimization of compositions ,which was detected by observing the latent period of asthma induced by acetylcholine‐histamine in guinea rats .The relaxation percentage of smooth muscle retracted by acetylcholine was detected by Pow‐erlab biological signal collecting system when aminophylline(1 .25 mg/mL) and different matching drugs(0 .02 g/mL) were added in Krebs′solution .The acute toxicities of total saponins ,total flavonoids and mixture of total saponins with total flavonoids (ratio of 1∶2) were detected by classical acute toxicity test of mice .Results Compared with the control group ,aminophylline group ,each group latent period of inducing asthma significantly or very significantly prolonged (P<0 .05) ,among them ,1∶1 ,1∶2 ,1∶4 group and other matching group were significantly different(P<0 .05) ,but 1∶2 group cited the longest incubation period .Aminophylline group and the ratio could significantly relaxe guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle retracted by acetylcholine .Aminophylline group di‐astolic percentage was the largest(24 .12 ± 1 .20)% ,all the groups were less than the percentage of diastolic aminophylline group (P<0 .05) ,but in 1∶2 group with the closest .Aster ageratoides Turcz ,tatarian aster total saponins ,total flavonoids and the ratio of 1∶2 to mice maximum tolerance was respectively 300 ,345 ,325 g/kg .Conclusion For the same total dosage ,the relieving asth‐ma effects of proportions of 1∶2 Aster ageratoides Turcz were obvious .There are no abnormal changes in the acute toxicity trila with total flavonoids ,total saponins ,as well as the ratio of 1∶2 ,safety is relatively good .