Smoking,alcohol and family history of cancer as risk factors for small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
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| Authors: | Sven-Petter Haugvik Ibrahim Basim Ibrahim Per Hedenström Roberto Valente Alastair J Hayes Darko Siuka |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Surgery, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway;3. sphaugvik@yahoo.de;5. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;6. Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden;7. Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, II Medical School, University ‘La Sapienza’, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy;8. Department of General Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland;9. Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia |
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| Abstract: | Objectives: Risk factors for small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs) are not well understood. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify risk factors for SI-NET and to further assess these by meta-analysis.Material and methods: PubMed and abstracts from the ENETS and NANETS were searched for studies published until May 2015. Eligible studies were selected according to the PRISMA statement.Results: Seven studies evaluating six individual populations were included (study accrual period 1980–2012) in the meta-analysis, involving 765 (range 17–325) cases and 502,282 (range 52–498,376) controls. All studies were case–control by design. The following risk factors were reported in ≥2 studies: family history of any cancer, family history of colorectal cancer, ever alcohol use and ever smoking. The pooled OR was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.12–1.60; p?<?.01; I2?=?0.0%) for family history of any cancer, 1.43 (95% CI: 1.15–1.79; p?<?.01; I2?=?0.0%) for family history of colorectal cancer, 1.04 (95% CI: 0.63–1.72; p?=?.87; I2?=?65.0%) for ever alcohol use and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.06–1.86; p?<?.05; I2?=?49.3%) for ever smoking.Conclusions: Family history of any cancer, family history of colorectal cancer and history of ever smoking were associated with an increased risk of SI-NET by meta-analysis. Alcohol consumption was not a significant risk factor for SI-NET. However, the studies reporting smoking and alcohol had a high degree of heterogeneity. Therefore, further studies are needed for clarification of smoking and alcohol as risk factors for the occurrence of SI-NET. |
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| Keywords: | SI-NET NET small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor epidemiology meta-analysis risk factor |
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