徐州市中小学生屈光不正调查及近视相关因素研究

目的 探讨与研究徐州市中小学学生屈光不正发生情况,了解近视相关因素,为防治近视提供理论参考。 方法 应用分层整群抽样法抽取2019年9月—2019年10月期间徐州市符合要求的小学、初中和高中,各2所,每所学校随机抽取2班共1 321名学生作为研究对象,并进行视力筛查和问卷调查,采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件对研究收集数据进行处理分析,对影响视力的相关因素进行总结。 结果 1 321例收回有效问卷1 312例,中小学生远视发生率1.52%,斜视0.61%,弱视1.60%,近视45.96%;调查显示儿童和家长对视力问题的认知率和保护意识较低,家族史、每日作业和阅读时间超过8 h、电子产品使用时间超过3 h、写字和握笔姿势错误是近视的影响因素(均P<0.05)。 结论 徐州市儿童和家长对视力问题的认知率和保护意识较低,家长、学生对视力保护的相关宣传知识认知率低,存在用眼过度等可能引起近视的不良因素。部分学生对于近视对身心的影响和防治措施不明确,随着年级的升高,逐渐明确近视会对身心造成一定不良影响。中小学生近视发生率较高,临床应及时识别导致近视发生的危险因素,为学生制定相关措施,培养良好用眼习惯,促进视力保健。 

Investigation on refractive error and related factors of myopia among primary and middle school students in Xuzhou City

Objective To explore and study the incidence of refractive error among primary and secondary school students in Xuzhou City, and to understand the related factors of myopia, so as to provide theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of myopia. Methods stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 primary schools, 2 junior high schools and 2 senior high schools in Xuzhou from September 2019 to October 2019. A total of 1 321 students in 2 classes were randomly selected from each school as the research objects, and visual screening and questionnaire survey were conducted. SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to process and analyze the data, and the related factors affecting visual acuity were summarized. Results Total 1 321 students received valid questionnaires in 1 312 cases. The incidence of hyperopia was 1.52%, strabismus 0.61%, amblyopia 1.60% and myopia 45.96%. The survey showed that children and parents had low awareness and protection awareness of vision problems, family history, daily homework and reading time of more than 8 h, use of electronic products for more than 3 h, and incorrect posture of writing and holding pen were the influencing factors of myopia(all P<0.05). Conclusion Children and parents in Xuzhou have low awareness of vision problems and low awareness of protection. Parents and students have low awareness of knowledge related to vision protection, and there are some adverse factors that may cause myopia, such as excessive use of eyes. Some students are not clear about the influence of myopia on body and mind and the prevention and treatment measures. With the increase of grade, it is gradually clear that myopia has some adverse effects on body and mind. The incidence of myopia is high among primary and middle school students, so it is necessary to identify the risk factors of myopia in a timely manner, formulate relevant measures for students, develop good habits of using eyes, and promote visual health care.