间充质干细胞源性外泌体对前部缺血性视神经病变患者的治疗潜力

前部缺血性视神经病变(anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,AION)是继青光眼后成人永久性视神经相关视力丧失的第二大常见原因,目前尚无确切有效的治疗方案。既往研究发现间充质干细胞源性外泌体(mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes,MSC-exosomes)与MSCs非常相似地改善缺血后神经组织的损伤,并诱导与增强血管神经发生相关的长期神经保护作用。外泌体是细胞-细胞间交流的一种重要通讯途径,因此可作为小分子物质传递载体信号,并通过不同机制作用于靶细胞,从而成为眼前部缺血性视神经病变潜在的有效治疗工具。本文对MSC-exosomes的生物发生及其功能,以及MSC-exosomes在前部缺血性视神经性病变中的治疗机制进行综述。

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes for anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is the second most common cause of permanent vision loss after glaucoma. There is no actual and effective treatment plan. Mesenchymal stem cells-exosomes (MSC-exosomes) have been shown to significantly attenuate post-ischemic neuronal damage and induce long-term neuroprotection associated with enhanced angiogenesis of MSCs. Exosomes are an important communication pathway for cell-cell communication, and can be used as a small molecule to transmit carrier signals and act on the target cells by different mechanisms. Therefore, MSC-exosomes are expected to be an effective therapeutic tool for the treatment of AION. This article reviews the biogenesis and physiological functions of MSC-exosomes, and their therapeutic mechanism for AION.