视力低常学龄前儿童屈光不正的分布特征分析

目的 分析视力低常学龄前儿童屈光不正的分布特征。 方法 选取2017年4月—2019年10月于徐州医科大学附属徐州儿童医院进行检查,确诊为视力低常且排除器质性眼病的100例学龄前儿童为研究对象,对其屈光不正的分布特征进行分析。 结果 (1)屈光不正年龄分布:100例视力低常学龄前儿童共检出屈光不正85例,3岁组50例(58.82%)、4岁组20例(23.53%)、5岁组10例(11.76%)、6岁组5例(5.88%);不同年龄的儿童屈光不正、远视、近视检出率比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);各年龄组儿童混合散光指标检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)弱视分布特征:100例视力低常学龄前儿童中共检出弱视50例(50.00%),屈光不正性弱视22例(44.00%)、屈光参差性弱视18例(36.00%)、斜视性弱视10例(20.00%),各年龄组弱视检出率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);(3)屈光类型分布:85例屈光不正儿童中,远视性屈光不正52例(61.18%)、近视性屈光不正22例(25.88%),混合散光11例(12.94%);(4)屈光程度分布:85例屈光不正儿童中,轻度屈光不正者60例(70.59%),中度21例(24.71%),重度4例(4.71%)。 结论 视力低常的学龄前儿童屈光不正主要发生在低龄儿童,随着年龄增加,屈光不正的发生率逐渐下降,屈光不正类型主要为远视性屈光不正,屈光不正程度主要为轻度,视力低常的学龄前儿童屈光检查必不可少。 

Analysis of distribution characteristics of refractive error in preschoolers with low vision

Objective To analyze the distribution of refractive error in preschool children with low vision. Methods Total 100 preschoolers diagnosed with low visual acuity and excluded from organic eye disease in Xuzhou Children's Hospital from April 2017 to October 2019 were selected as research objects. The distribution characteristics of their refractive error were analyzed. Results (1)Age distribution of refractive error: a total of 85 cases were detected in 100 preschoolers with low vision, including 50 cases in the 3-year-old group(58.82%), 20 cases in the 4-year-old group(23.53%), 10 cases in the 5-year-old group(11.76%), and 5 cases in the 6-year-old group(5.88%). The detection rates of refractive error, farsightedness and myopia in different age groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the detection rate of mixed astigmatism among different age groups(P>0.05).(2)Distribution characteristics of amblyopia: a total of 50(50.00%) amblyopia children were detected in 100 cases of preschoolers with low vision, including 22 cases of amblyopia, 18 cases of anisometropic amblyopia, and 10 cases of strabismus amblyopia. There was a significant difference in the detection rate of amblyopia among different age groups(all P<0.05).(3)Refractive type distribution: among the 85 children with ametropia, 52(61.18%) had hyperopia, 22(25.88%) had myopic ametropia, and 11(12.94%) had mixed astigmatism.(4)Refractive degree distribution: among the 85 children with ametropia, 60(70.59%) had mild ametropia, 21(24.71%) had moderate ametropia, and 4(4.71%) had severe ametropia. Conclusion The refractive error of preschool children with low vision mainly occurs in young children. With the increase of age, the incidence of refractive error gradually decreases. The type of refractive error is mainly hyperopia, and the degree of refractive error is mainly mild. The refractive examination is essential for preschool children with low vision.