玻璃体替代物在玻璃体视网膜疾病中的应用研究进展

玻璃体替代物是玻璃体-视网膜手术中用于治疗视网膜疾病（如复杂的视网膜脱离、黄斑裂孔、糖尿病视网膜病变的并发症以及后段眼外伤）的玻璃体内填塞剂。在玻璃体切除治疗视网膜脱离的手术中，术者需在玻璃体切除后在玻璃体内填充玻璃体替代物，以使脱离的视网膜重新附着。但目前临床上可用的玻璃体替代物仅能做到短期维持。尽管研究人员进行了多年的深入研究，但仍未找到理想的玻璃体替代物。本综述列举了临床上需要应用玻璃体替代物的眼部疾病，并从临床和科研两个角度总结了现有玻璃体替代物的临床应用和研究进展。其中，聚合物水凝胶由于其具有良好的生物相容性，并且和天然玻璃体具有相似的物理性质，被认为是人工玻璃体替代物的未来，尤其是热敏智能水凝胶，最有可能成为理想的玻璃体替代物。

Research progress of vitreous substitutes in vitreoretinopathy

Vitreous substitutes are vitreous cavity packers used in vitreoretinal surgery to treat retinal diseases (e.g., complex retinal detachment, macular hole, complications of diabetic retinopathy, and posterior ocular trauma). In vitrectomy to treat retinal detachment, the surgeon needs to fill the vitreous cavity in the vitreous cavity after vitrectomy to reattach the detached retina. However, currently available vitreous substitutes can only achieve short-term maintenance. Although the researchers have conducted in-depth research for many years, they have not yet found an ideal vitreous substitute. This review lists the eye diseases that require vitreous substitutes in clinical practice and summarizes the clinical use and research progress of existing vitreous substitutes from both clinical and scientific perspectives. Among them, polymer hydrogels are considered to be the future of artificial vitreous substitutes due to their good biocompatibility and similar physical properties to natural vitreous bodies. Especially thermo sensitive smart hydrogels are most likely to be an ideal vitreous substitute.