2型糖尿病患者大五人格特征与自我管理态度的相关性

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者不同人格特征与用药、运动、饮食等自我管理态度的相关性。方法 以北京市通州区、顺义区4个社区卫生服务中心所属的22个社区卫生服务站的2型糖尿病患者作为调查对象,采用中国大五人格量表及包括用药、运动、饮食态度在内的自行设计的量表。结果 研究最终纳入642例调查对象,其中男女性别比基本持平,年龄在61岁以上占61.21%。不同性别的患者在神经质人格得分中存在差异(P<0.05),不同年龄阶段在宜人性和开放性人格中存在差异(P<0.05),不同文化程度在开放性和外向性人格中存在差异(P<0.05), 不同收入水平在宜人性、开放性、外向性人格上均存在差异(P<0.05)。大五人格特征与用药、运动、饮食态度的相关分析中,2型糖尿病患者感知用药障碍的3个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.125、0.187、0.151,P值均<0.05); 感知运动障碍的4个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.163、0.129、0.119、0.104,P值均<0.05),感知运动益处的5个条目与严谨性人格(r值分别为0.156、0.111、0.131、0.104、0.131,P值均<0.05)、2个条目与宜人性人格(r值分别为0.092、0.078,P值均<0.05)、4个条目与外向性人格(r值分别为 0.079、0.122、0.115、0.123,P值均<0.05)呈正相关;感知饮食障碍的3个条目与神经质人格呈正相关(r值分别为0.115、0.137、0.108,P值均<0.05), 2个条目与严谨性人格(r值分别为-0.126、-0.161,P值均<0.05)、2个条目与宜人性人格(r值分别为-0.103、-0.115,P值均<0.05)呈负相关。典则相关分析中,根据3组典则变量公式组合典则结构图,神经质人格与宜人性人格在人格特征中起主要作用,用药、运动、饮食态度中的“障碍”条目起主要作用。结论 5种人格特征与2型糖尿病患者自我管理态度存在相关性,不同人格特征对患者自我管理态度均有影响,尤其了解神经质人格对提高2型糖尿病患者的自我管理具有一定意义。因此,在2型糖尿病社区管理和疾病自我管理中应注意心理因素的影响,可根据患者的人格特征开展个性化护理及健康宣教。

Relationship between the five-factor model of personality traits and self-management attitude of patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective: To explore the correlation between different personality characteristics and self-management attitude such as medication, exercise and diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 4 Community Healthcare Services and 22 affiliated community stations of Tongzhou District and Shunyi District of Beijing were selected as subjects. The Chinese big five personality inventory and the self-designed scale including the attitudes of medication, exercise and diet were used in the study.Results: In this study, 642 subjects were finally included, among whom the sex ratio of male and female was basically the same, 61.21% were over 61 years old. In this study, different genders had differences in neurotic personality (P<0.05), different age groups had differences in agreeableness and openness (P<0.05), different education levels had differences in openness and extraversion (P<0.05), and different income levels had differences in agreeableness, openness and extraversion (P<0.05). The linear correlation analysis of the five-factor moldel of personality traits with medication, exercise and diet attitude showed that three items of perceived disorders of medication were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.125, 0.187, 0.151, P<0.05), four items of perceived disorders of exercise were positively correlated with neurotic personality (r=0.163, 0.129, 0.119, 0.104, P<0.05), and perceived benefits of exercise were positively correlated with conscientiousness (five items, r=0.156, 0.111, 0.131, 0.104, 0.131, P<0.05), agreeableness (two items, r=0.092, 0.078, P<0.05) and extraversion (four items, r=0.079, 0.122, 0.115, 0.123, P<0.05), three items of perceived disorders of diet were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.115, 0.137, 0.108, P<0.05), and two items of were negatively correlated with conscientiousness (r=-0.126, -0.161, P<0.05) and agreeableness (r=-0.103, -0.115, P<0.05). In the canonical correlation analysis, according to the formula combination of three groups of typical variables and canonical structure diagrams, neuroticism and agreeableness played major roles in personality traits, and items that represented “obstacles” in medication, exercise, and dietary attitudes played a major role.Conclusion: All the five personality traits were correlated with the self-management attitude of type 2 diabetes patients, and different personality traits have an impact on the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it is of great significance to understand neuroticism for improving the mental health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, attention should be paid to the influence of psychological factors in community management of type 2 diabetes and disease self-management, and the personalized care and health education should be carried out according to the personality traits of patients.