人源化小鼠模型在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用进展

癌症治疗难度大，死亡率高，是危害全球人类健康的主要疾病之一。近年来，肿瘤免疫治疗在临床上显示出良好前景，但肿瘤和机体免疫系统的相互作用机制，尤其是肿瘤微环境中的免疫因素还有待深入了解。动物模型可以有效模拟体内肿瘤免疫微环境，是肿瘤免疫新疗法研发的重要工具之一。然而，小鼠等实验动物的免疫系统与人类在构成和反应机制上存在明显差异，于是人源化动物模型应运而生。此文对人源化小鼠模型的应用进展以及未来肿瘤免疫治疗中小鼠模型的应用方向及有待解决的问题做一综述。

Progress on the application of humanized mouse models in tumor immunotherapy#br#

Cancer is a major health threat worldwide with high mortality and difficult to treat. In recent years, tumor immunotherapy shows good prospective in clinical practice. However, the interaction mechanism between tumor and immune system, especially regarding immune factors in tumor microenvironment, requires further study. Animal model can effectively simulate tumor immune microenvironment in vivo, thus is an important tool for the development of new cancer immunotherapies and drugs. However, the immune system of experimental animals such as mice is significantly different from that of human in terms of composition and reaction mechanism. In turn, humanized animal model comes into sight. This paper reviews the progress on application of humanized mouse models, and looks forward to the future application of these models in tumor immunotherapy and the problems need to be solved.