耻骨会阴联合切口后尿道吻合术治疗复杂男性骨盆骨折后尿道离断

目的: 总结耻骨会阴联合切口耻骨整块切除后尿道吻合治疗复杂男性骨盆骨折后尿道离断(pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect, PFUDD)的临床效果及体会。方法: 回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年12月采用耻骨会阴联合切口后尿道吻合术治疗的复杂PFUDD患者17例,其中合并尿道直肠瘘2例(11.8%)、尿道会阴皮肤瘘1例(5.9%)。既往经会阴后尿道吻合失败6例(35.3%),其中2例(11.8%)为2次开放手术失败;尿道扩张治疗3例(17.6%);内切开治疗1例(5.9%)。所有患者均采用经耻骨会阴联合切口整块切除耻骨再行后吻合尿道。结果: 本组患者平均年龄35.5(21~62)岁,尿道狭窄的长度平均5.5 (4.5~7.0) cm,手术时间平均190 (150~260) min,平均术中估计失血460 (200~1 200) mL。术后局部伤口感染4例(23.5%),下肢静脉血栓1例,患者平均随访27 (7~110)个月。术后平均尿流率22.7 (15.5~40.7) mL/s,合并尿道直肠瘘、尿道会阴瘘等均治愈。1例患者拔管后2周出现尿线变细及尿频、尿急等泌尿系感染症状,行膀胱镜检查示吻合口处狭窄,给予内切开并留置尿管2周,术后随访排尿通畅。本组17例患者手术成功率为94.1%(16/17)。结论: 耻骨会阴联合切口后尿道吻合术治疗复杂男性PFUDD效果明确,成功率为94.1%。此类手术损伤大、耗时长、术后并发症高,适合在区域性尿道修复重建中心开展。

Combined transperineal and transpubic urethroplasty for patients with complex male pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects and characteristics of combined transperineal and transpubic urethroplasty for patients with complex pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect (PFUDD). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 17 male patients with complex posterior PFUDD from January 2010 to December 2019. The complications included urethrorectal fistulas in 2 patients (11.8%), urethroperineal fistula in 1 patient (5.9%). Ten patients had undergone previous treatments: dilatation in 3 patients (17.6%), internal urethrotomy in 1 patient, failed urethroplasty in 6 patients (35.3%), of whom 2 patients had two times of failed urethroplasties. All the patients were performed with urethroplasty by combined transperineal and transpubic approach with removing the entire pubic bone followed by the anastomosis. Results: The mean age of the patients included in this study was 35.5 (range: 21-62) years. The mean length of stricture was 5.5 (range: 4.5-7.0) cm, the mean follow-up was 27 (range: 7-110) months, the mean time of operation was 190 (range: 150-260) min, the mean evaluated blood loss was 460 (range: 200-1 200) mL. There were 5 patients who needed blood transfusion intraoperatively or postoperatively. Wound infection was seen in 4 out of 17 patients and thrombosis of lower extremities in 1 out of 17 patients. The last follow-up showed that the mean postoperative maximum urinary flow rate was 22.7 (range: 15.5-40.7) mL/s. After removing the catheter, one patient presented with decreased urinary flow and symptoms of urinary infection. Cystoscopy showed the recurrent anastomotic stricture, which was cured by internal urethrotomy. In our series, the success rate of the combined transperineal and transpubic urethroplasty was 94.1% (16/17). Conclusion: Combined transperineal and transpubic urtheroplasty can achieve a tension free anastomosis after removing the entire wedge of pubis in some patients with complex PFUDD. However, this procedure should be completed in a regional referral hospital due to the complexity of the operation and the high percentage of complications.