从专利分析视角浅析医学高职院校中医药知识产权现状

目的 “一带一路”背景下中医药文化迅速传播,中医药专利的价值低下不仅影响中医药在国际社会上的推广与认可,还会对我国中医药行业造成不可估量的经济损失。医学类高职院校作为中医药知识产权发明主体必需努力提升中医药专利的质量和价值。 方法 采用描述性统计分析法对2000年1月—2019年10月期间,我国高职院校申请的中医药相关专利进行统计分析。 结果 从专利申请数量看,高职院校累计申请中医药专利1 321项;从高职院校中医药专利申请内容看,排名前三的分别是中草药制剂配方专利、中药生产加工装置专利、中医药保健产品专利;从专利申请人类型看,各类高职院校都有中医药专利产生,其中数量最多的分别是综合类高职院校、理工类高职院校和农林类高职院校,医药类高职院校排第四;从专利失效数据看,截止到2017年的数据,中医药相关专利的失效率为41.52%,其中发明专利失效率为28.00%,实用新型专利失效率为52.08%。 结论 医学类高职院校在中医药知识产权的保护方面存在授权专利数量少、专利价值低、专利失效率高等突出问题。应从充分发挥高职院校在服务地方经济发展中的作用、充分利用高校图书馆的专利信息服务功能、及时调整专利奖励资助政策和激励机制、大力推进医学类高职院校校园中医药知识产权文化建设等方面入手,多管齐下,努力提升医学类高职院校中医药专利的质量和价值。 

The current situation of intellectual property rights of traditional Chinese medicine in medical vocational colleges from patent analysis

Objective The rapid spread of Chinese medicine culture in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative initiative, and the low value of Chinese medicine patents will not only affect the promotion and recognition of Chinese medicine in the international community, but also cause inestimable economic losses to the Chinese medicine industry in China. Higher vocational colleges of medicine, as the subject of intellectual property invention of traditional Chinese medicine, must strive to improve the quality and value of traditional Chinese medicine patents. Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze Chinese medicine related patents applied by higher vocational colleges in China from 2000 to October 2019. Results In terms of the number of patent applications, vocational colleges and universities had accumulatively applied for 1 321 TCM patents. Judging from the contents of patent applications for Chinese medicine in higher vocational colleges, the top three were patents for Chinese herbal medicine formulations, patents for Chinese medicine production and processing equipment, and patents for traditional Chinese medicine health products. From the perspective of the type of patent applicants, various types of vocational colleges had patents for Chinese medicine. The most numerous of them were comprehensive vocational colleges, science and engineering colleges, and agricultural and forestry colleges. Medical vocational colleges ranked fourth. From the data of patent invalidation, as of 2017, the invalidation rate of TCM related patents is 41.52%, of which the invention patent invalidation rate was 28.00%. The utility model patent failure rate was 52.08%. Conclusion Medical vocational colleges have prominent problems in protecting the intellectual property rights of Chinese medicine, such as the small number of patents granted, low patent value, and high patent failure rate. We should give full play to the role of higher vocational colleges in serving local economic development, make full use of the patent information service function of college libraries, timely adjust the patent award funding policy and incentive mechanism, and vigorously promote traditional Chinese medicine on campus, start with the construction of intellectual property culture and other aspects, and take a multi-pronged approach to improve the quality and value of traditional Chinese medicine patents in medical vocational colleges.