北京市健康体检人群贫血患病情况及影响因素研究

目的 贫血是全球公共健康问题,特别是在中低收入国家,具有较高发病率,对患者家庭和社会均造成沉重的经济负担。本研究的目的旨在了解北京市2018年健康体检人群中贫血检出情况,并分析其影响因素,为预防和管理贫血提供参考依据。 方法 以2018年6—9月在北京市体检中心进行健康体检的人群为研究对象,按照纳入和排除标准选取研究对象进行现场调查,主要内容包括研究对象人口统计学特征、生活习惯等,并收集其体检结果。采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,将单因素分析有统计学意义的变量纳入logistic回归分析,研究贫血的影响因素。 结果 8 913例健康体检人群中贫血检出率为1.8%(163/8 913),其中男性检出率为0.3%,女性为3.8%。单因素分析结果显示性别、年龄、文化程度、吸烟、饮酒、BMI、血压、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、尿酸为贫血的影响因素。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄与贫血呈正相关,OR值(95%CI)分别为6.405(3.260~12.583)、1.019(1.004~1.035),总胆固醇水平、尿酸水平与贫血呈负相关,OR值(95%CI)分别为0.316(0.175~0.569)、0.994(0.991~0.997)。 结论 北京市健康体检人群中女性、高龄、总胆固醇和尿酸水平低是贫血的危险因素,针对上述危险因素采取有效的干预措施对预防和管理贫血具有重要作用。 

Study on the prevalence of anemia and its risk factors in Beijing health examination population

Objective Anemia is a global public health problem, especially in low-and middle-income countries, which imposes a heavy economic burden on patients' families and society. We conducted this study to understand the prevalence of anemia in population of health examination in Beijing in 2018 and analyze the factors association with anemia to provide reference for the prevention and management for patients with anemia. Methods The health examination population at the Beijing Municipal Medical Examination Center from June to September in 2018 were selected as subjects. Subjects were selected for on-site investigation according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main contents of the survey included the demographic characteristics and living habits of the subjects, and the results of their physical examination were collected. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and variables with statistical significance in univariate analysis were included in logistic regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of anemia. Results The prevalence of anemia was 1.8%(163/8 913), 3.8% in the female, and 0.3% in the male. Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, and uric acid were the influencing factors of anemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender and age were positively correlated with anemia, with the OR(95% CI) of 6.405(3.260-12.583) and 1.019(1.004-1.035), respectively. Total cholesterol levels and uric acid levels were negatively correlated with anemia, with the OR(95% CI) of 0.316(0.175-0.569) and 0.994(0.991-0.997), respectively. Conclusion Females, advanced age, total cholesterol and uric acid levels are association with anemia in Beijing's health examination population. Effective interventions for these risk factors play an important role in the prevention and management of anemia.