165例5岁以下有反复喘息症状儿童过敏原检测及临床意义

目的探讨血清特异性过敏原检测在5岁以下反复喘息儿童早期哮喘诊断中的价值。方法应用酶联免疫法对165例有反复喘息症状5岁以下儿童血清测定总免疫蛋白E(IgE)和12种吸入过敏原、食入过敏原特异性IgE,将受检儿童分婴儿组(<3岁)和3～5岁组。对过敏原状况进行分析比较。结果 165例儿童总IgE阳性率为89.1%,特异性过敏原阳性率为58.8%,吸入组最高为尘螨/粉螨,食入组最高为蛋白/蛋黄,其次为鱼、虾/蟹、肉类。食入过敏原随年龄增长有下降趋势,吸入过敏原随年龄增长有增加趋势。结论血清特异性过敏原阳性是有喘息症状儿童发展为哮喘的高危因素之一,检测5岁以下有反复喘息症状患儿血清吸入性和食入性过敏原有利于早期识别可能发展为哮喘的儿童,为儿童哮喘的早期干预提供依据。

Detection of allergens in 165 children below 5 with wheeze and its clinical significance

Objective To explore the clinical significance of serum specific allergen test in early asthma diagnosis with wheezing children under 5 years old.Methods The seral total IgE,the specific IgE of 12 types of inhalation and food allergens were detected in 165 cases of children aged below 5 with asthma using the method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The children were divided into infancy group(aged<3) and 3-5 age group.Results In 165 cases,the positive ratio of total IgE was 89.1%.The positive ratio of specific allergens was 58.8%.The most common inhalation allergen was dust mite/acarid and the most common food allergen was egg white/yolk,followed by fish,shrimp/crab and meat.The number of inhalation allergens droped with the food of age,while the number of inhalation allergens rose.Conclusion Positive serum specific allergens is one of the highly hazardous factors which leads to childhood wheeze into asthma.Thus,the test of inhalation allergens and food allergens in serum for children with wheeze aged below 5 plays an important role in detecting the potential childrens with asthma early,and it provides the basis for early intervention in childhood asthma.