中国居民膳食能量、蛋白质、脂肪的来源构成及变化

目的:分析中国居民膳食能量、蛋白质、脂肪结构现状及变化趋势。方法:利用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据进行分析。膳食调查采用连续3d24h回顾法,调味品消费量采用“称重法”。样本:全国31个省132个县23470户,其中城市7687户,农村15783户,调查人数为68962人。结果:我国居民每标准人日能量摄入9.42MJ(2250.5kcal)。20年来呈下降趋势。蛋白质与脂肪提供能量比例分别为11.8%与29.6%,大城市的脂肪供能比达到了38.4%。从能量的食物来源看,谷类占总能量的57.9%,动物性食物占12.6%,纯热能食物为17.3%。蛋白质摄入量为65.9g,粮谷类占52%,豆及豆制品占7.5%,动物性食物占25.1%,其它食物占15.3%。膳食脂肪摄入为76.3g,39.2%来源于动物性食物。结论:由于我国处于经济转型期,居民的膳食特点是能量摄入量下降;谷类供能比下降;蛋白质摄入量下降;脂肪摄入量,特别是动物性食物提供的脂肪上升。脂肪提供的能量增加。

THE STATUS AND TREND FOR DIETARY PATTERN OF ENERGY, PROTEIN AND FAT IN CHINESE RESIDENTS

Objective: To describe the status and trend of dietary energy, protein and fat pattern of Chinese residents. Method : 23 470 households including 68 962 subjects were randomly sampled from 132 counties in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and the municipalities. The 24 h dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used in dietary survey and weighing method was used for condiment intake. Results: The average energy intake per reference man per day was 9.42 MJ (2 250.5 kcal), 11.8% and 29.6% from protein and fat respectively. The percentages of energy from fat of big city residents arrived 38.4%. The percentages of energy from cereals, animal food and pure energy food were 57.9%, 12.6% and 17.3% respectively. The average protein intake per reference man per day was 65.9 g, 52%, 7.5% ,25.1% and 15.3% from cereals, bean and bean product, animal food and other foods respectively. The average fat intake per reference man per day was 76.3 g, 39.2% from animal food. Conclusion: The dietary change of Chinese residents represents the characteristics of the transition period, including the decrease of energy and protein intake per capita, decrease of the percentage of dietary energy supplied by cereals and increase of fat intake per capita,especially from animal foods, and the proportion of energy contributed by fat.