新鲜标本的下胫腓联合韧带解剖特点及临床意义

目的： 研究新鲜标本下胫腓联合韧带的解剖学特点，为下胫腓联合韧带相关损伤及韧带重建提供解剖学依 据。方法： 选取新鲜胫腓下联合标本，剥离新鲜标本的下胫腓联合的肌、血管及筋膜组织，对下胫腓联合前、后、 横韧带进行解剖学测量，包括胫腓下联合前、后、横韧带的近端长度、远端长度、平均宽度、与水平面的夹角、 冠状面的夹角等相关解剖学数据。结果： 下胫腓联合前韧带近、远端平均长度为（8.51±0.70）mm、（19.03±1.35） mm，平均宽度（15.98±1.17） mm，与水平面、冠状面夹角分别为（42.27±3.43）°、（20.50±4.69）° ；下胫腓联 合后韧带近、远端平均长度为（9.32±0.62）mm、（16.92±1.76）mm，平均宽度（14.36±0.88）mm，与水平 面、冠状面夹角分别为（40.96±3.16）°、（13.10±1.99）°；下胫腓联合横韧带近、远端平均长度为（18.46±2.48） mm、（21.87±2.52）mm，平均宽度（4.56±0.17）mm，与水平面、冠状面夹角分别为（30.60±3.65）°、（13.48±1.60）°。 对左右、男女的下胫腓联合前、后、横韧带的解剖学数据进行对比，差异均无统计学意义。结论： 了解下胫腓联 合韧带各解剖结构及其特点，有助于指导下胫腓联合韧带损伤的修复和重建，帮助外科医生制定手术方案，改善 预后。

Anatomical characteristics and clinical significance of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis ligament in fresh specimens

Objective To provide anatomical basis for the injury and ligament reconstruction of the inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis ligament based on the anatomical characteristics of the inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis ligament in fresh specimens. Methods Fresh specimens of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were selected， and the muscles， blood vessels and fascial tissues of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis were removed. Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament， posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament， and inferior transverse ligament were anatomically measured. The contents included the proximal length， distal length， average width， angle with horizontal and coronal plane of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis. Results The average proximal length， distal length， and width of anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament were（ 8.51±0.70）mm，（ 19.03±1.35） mm，（ 15.98±1.17） mm， and （42.27±3.43）°，（ 20.50±4.69）°， with horizontal and coronal plane， respectively. The average proximal length， distal length of posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament was（ 9.32±0.62）mm，（ 16.92±1.76） mm， the average width was（ 14.36±0.88） mm， and the angle with the horizontal and coronal plane was（ 42.27±3.43）°，（ 13.10±1.99）°， respectively. The average proximal length， distal length， and width of inferior transvers e ligament were（ 18.46±2.48） mm，（ 21.87±2.52） mm，（ 4.56±0.17） mm， and（ 30.60±3.65）°，（ 13.48±1.60）° with horizontal and coronal plane， respectively. There was no significant difference in the anatomical data of anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament， posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament， and inferior transverse ligament were compared between the left and the right， male and female. Conclusion Understanding the anatomical structures and characteristics of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis ligament is helpful to guide the repair and reconstruction of inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis ligament injury， help surgeons to make surgical plans and improve prognosis.