学龄前儿童智力水平和智力结构

目的:调查幼儿园大班全部儿童的智力水平,分析其智力结构,探讨认知能力发育规律,为学龄前儿童的学校教育和健康成长提供参考依据。方法:选择金坛市3家幼儿园大班全体儿童作为调查对象,共计345名儿童(男191人,女154人)参加此次调查,采用中国版韦克斯勒氏学龄前及初小儿童智力量表(WPPSI)一对一测定儿童智力。结果:所有儿童的平均智商为(101.80±11.88)。总智商在不同性别间无差异(P>0.05),男、女童的言语智商均小于操作智商(P<0.01)。有28.70%的儿童发生智商分离,其中,言语智商小于操作智商的占69.70%,智商分离与智商平衡者之间总智商的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。智力离散模型分析并无明显趋势,但言语分量表的离散值小于操作分量表的离散值(P=0.000)。结论:本组学龄前儿童言语智商小于操作智商,可能是:①儿童更多地接触相关材料选择性地提高了操作能力;②中国80年代修订的WPPSI需要修改以符合时代的发展;③儿童智力的离散模型值得进一步追踪研究。

Study on intelligence level and its structure in preschool children

Objective:To investigate intelligence level in children and analyze its structure,explore cognitive development in children and provide foundation for school education and healthy growth of the preschool children.Methods:345 children including 191 boys and 154 girls from three kindergartens in Jintan were selected,and the intelligence level was measured by intelligence quotient(IQ) using the WPPSI.Results:The mean scores of children's IQ in three kindergartens were(101.80±11.88).There was no difference in IQ between boys and girls(P>0.05),and there was significant difference in both boys and girls between the scores of verbal IQ and performance IQ(P<0.01).The percent of IQ disassociation was 28.70% in the children,69.70% of the children had lower verbal IQ,there was no difference in IQ scores between children with IQ disassociation and children without IQ disassociation(P>0.05).The scatter score of the verbal IQ were lower than that of performance IQ(P=0.000).Conclusion:The causes of lower verbal IQ can be listed as follows:①increasing access to educational materials selectively enhances performance ability;②the 1980s WPPSI for chinese children is in need of revision;③intelligent ability scatter model is worthwhile for follow-up study.