家庭因素与儿童孤独症的病例对照研究

目的:探讨家庭因素在儿童孤独症发生中的作用。方法:符合DSM-Ⅳ孤独症诊断标准的80名儿童孤独症者为病例组,具有可比性的160名正常儿童为对照组,进行1∶2配对病例对照研究。结果:与对照组儿童比较,病例组儿童父母的文化程度和职业层次较高,家庭的亲密度、娱乐性得分较低,而矛盾性得分较高(P<0.05);单亲或重组家庭,主要由(外)祖父母照顾、过分溺爱、放任自流、让孩子独自玩耍、家长不予理睬是儿童孤独症的促进因素,而经常与孩子玩耍、带孩子看书、讲故事,让孩子和其他小朋友一起玩耍是儿童孤独症的抑制因素。结论:儿童孤独症的发生与家庭诸多因素有关,应加强对儿童抚养人孤独症防治知识的普及,创造和谐稳定的生活环境,采取适当的教养方式,减少儿童孤独症的发生。

A case-control study on children's autism and family factors

Objective:To study the role of family factors in children's autism.Methods:80 children with autism (DSM-IV criteria) and 160 normal children were investigated by 1∶2 individual matching case-control study.Results:Compared with the normal children, the autism children's parents had better educational background and higher occupations, their family had less intimacy and pastime but more contradiction (P<0.05).There were promoting factors of children autism, such as living in single parent families or reorganized families, raised mainly by grandparents, excessively spoiled, short of management or playing alone without the guardian's attention. While frequently playing with children, leading the child to read, telling stories, playing together with other children could lower the risk of children's autism.Conclusion:The development of children autism is related to many family factors. To decrease the development of children's autism, the guardians should know the knowledge of prevention and cure of children's autism. Widely, harmonious, stable living environment and adequate education style should be established.