非吸烟孕妇被动吸烟干预措施效果评价

目的评价对非吸烟孕妇开展被动吸烟健康干预措施的效果。方法将四川省32所妇幼保健院符合纳入标准的非吸烟孕妇随机分为干预组(91人)和对照组(95人),在干预组孕妇中开展持续整个孕期的干预活动。采用问卷形式对非吸烟孕妇家庭吸烟限制情况、有关被动吸烟的知识和态度进行调查,用孕妇头发中尼古丁含量评价孕妇被动吸烟暴露水平,采用双重差分和误差纠正的配对估计方法评价干预效果。结果干预后与干预前比较,干预组孕妇家庭吸烟限制情况、对被动吸烟的知识、态度差别均有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组孕妇对被动吸烟的态度变化不明显(P=0.24)。干预组干预后的孕妇头发中尼古丁浓度的对数均数比干预前下降了0.2(logμg/g),对照组比干预前上升了0.1(logμg/g)。干预组和对照组头发中尼古丁含量变化经DID检验,差别均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采取综合性的干预措施可降低孕妇被动吸烟暴露水平。

Intervention on the Exposure to Passive Smoking for Non-smoking Pregnant Women

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions on the exposure to passive smoking for the nonsmoking pregnant women. Methods The non-smoking pregnant women were divided randomly into control （95 cases） and intervention group （91 cases）. We surveyed their knowledge and attitude about passive smoking and smoke-free home rules by a self-administered questionnaire. Hair nicotine was measured to reflect the exposure level of passive smoking. We implemented interventions in the intervention group. Difference-in-differences （DID） approach and bias-corrected matching estimator was used to analyze the effect of the intervention. Results After intervention, the knowledge and attitudes towards passive smoking and the smoke-free home rules of the intervention group changed significant （P〈0.05）. The attitudes to the passive smoking of the control group improved no significance （P〉0.05）. The logarithmic mean of hair nicotine concentration was decreased with 0.2 （log μg/g） in intervention group, but increased with 0.1 （log μg/g） in the control. The difference of hair nicotine concentration was significant between two groups by DID （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The comprehensive interventions are effective for decreasing the SHS exposure level of non-pregnant women. K