西伯利亚白刺种子休眠和萌发特性研究

目的 探寻破除西伯利亚白刺种子休眠的方法，提高其发芽率。方法 采用温水催芽、低温沙藏、98%浓硫酸、GA等不同方法对种子进行处理后的发芽试验，测定发芽率、发芽势、到达发芽高峰期的时间。结果 温水催芽的发芽率和发芽势分别为30%和10%，种子7 d开始萌动，10 d达到发芽高峰。低温沙藏37 d的发芽率和发芽势分别为55.5%、26.5%，种子2 d开始萌动，10 d达到发芽高峰。低温沙藏95 d的发芽率和发芽势分别为86.8%、60.3%，种子2 d开始萌动，7 d达到发芽高峰。98%浓硫酸处理2 h的发芽率和发芽势均为90%，种子1 d开始萌动，4 d达到发芽高峰。98%浓硫酸处理2 h后播种在MS＋0.5 g/mL GA＋0.5 g/mL BA的暗培养基上，发芽率和发芽势均为98.1%，种子1 d开始萌动，4 d达到发芽高峰。结论 西伯利亚白刺种子休眠属种壳休眠，98%浓硫酸处理2 h后接种于MS＋0.5 g/mL BA＋0.5 g/mL GA的暗培养基上培养，打破硬实种子休眠效果最好，发芽率最高。

Dormancy and germination characteristics of Nirtaria sibirica seeds

Objective To break the seed dormancy and improve the germination rate of the Nirtaria sibirica seeds. Methods N. sibirica seeds were treated with soaking in warm water, storing with moisture sand, and immersing seed in H₂SO₄ (98%) and gibberellic acid (GA), then the germination rate, germination vigor, and germination peak period of the seeds were determined. Results The germination rate and germination vigor were 30% and 10% under soaking in warm water. The seeds began to germinate on the day 7 and reached the germination peak on the day 10. The germination rate and germination vigor were 55.5% and 26.5% under storing with moisture sand for 37 d. The seeds began to germinate on the day 2 and reached the germination peak on the day 10. The germination rate and germination vigor were 86.8% and 60.3% under storing with moisture sand for 95 d. The seeds began to germinate on the day 2 and reached the germination peak on the day 7. The germination rate and germination vigor were both 90.0% under being treated with 98% H₂SO₄ for 2 h. The seeds began to germinate on the day 1 and reached the germination peak on the day 4. Seeds after being treated with 98% H₂SO₄ for 2 h were sowed on the dark medium of MS + 0.5 g/mL BA + 0.5 g/mL GA, and the germination rate and germination vigor both reached to 98.1%. The seeds began to germinate on the day 1 and reached the germination peak on the day 4. Conclusion The dormancy of N. sibirica seeds is caused by hard seed vessels. The best way of breaking the seed dormancy is first treated with 98% H₂SO₄ for 2 h and then cultured in the dark medium of MS + 0.5 g/mL BA + 0.5 g/mL GA, which could effectively break the dormancy of hard seeds and reach a high germination rate.