基因缺陷型2型糖尿病模型动物db/db小鼠早期生物学特性研究

目的 研究基因缺陷型2型糖尿病模型动物db/db小鼠的早期生物学特性，为db/db小鼠应用于降糖药物的研究奠定基础。方法 采用db/db小鼠为模型组动物，db/m小鼠为对照组动物，测定两组小鼠的体质量、食量、饮水量、空腹血糖、正常饮食血糖、糖耐量、胰岛素耐量；于第14周眼底静脉丛取血，分离血清，测定糖化血清蛋白（GSP）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）；取肝、胰腺、腹部脂肪等主要脏器组织进行组织病理学检查。结果 与对照组比较，db/db小鼠体质量、食量、饮水量显著增加；空腹血糖及正常饮食血糖显著升高，整个实验期血糖水平稳定；糖耐量异常、胰岛素耐量异常，对外源胰岛素敏感性显著降低；血清GSP、TG、TC含量显著升高，腹部脂肪质量显著增加，肝组织不同程度的空泡变性，脂肪组织中脂肪细胞体积增大，胰腺中胰岛细胞胞浆减少、血管扩张。结论 db/db小鼠早期脂质代谢紊乱，血糖、血脂显著升高，糖耐量及胰岛素耐量异常，血糖水平稳定，是研究2型糖尿病较为理想的模型。

Research on early biological characteristics of gene defect type 2 diabetes model db/db mice

Objective To study the biological characteristics of gene defect type 2 diabetes model C₅₇BL/KsJ db/db mice, and to lay the foundation for the application of db/db mice on hypoglycemic agents. Methods With db/db mice as model animals and db/m mice as control animals, the body weight, food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose, normal diet blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance of mice were determined. In the 14th week, glycated serum protein (GSP), triacylglycerol (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) of serum were determined. The liver, pancreas, abdominal fat, and other major tissues were taken for histopathological examination. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight, food intake, water intake, fasting glucose, and normal diet glucose of db/db mice were significantly increased; The blood sugar level was stable throughout the trial period; The glucose and insulin tolerances were abnormal; The sensitivity to exogenous insulin of db/db mice was significantly reduced. GSP, TG, and TC concentration and abdominal fat weight were all increased. There was vacuolar degeneration in varying degrees in liver tissue, and the volume of fat cells was increased. The cytoplasm of pancreatic islet cell was reduced and the vessels were dilated. Conclusion The early lipid metabolism of db/db mice is disordered, the blood sugar and blood lipids are significantly increased, the glucose and insulin tolerances are abnormal, and the blood glucose level is stable. So db/db mouse is an ideal model for the study on type 2 diabetes.