Body burdens of mercury, lead, selenium and copper among Baltimore newborns |
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| Authors: | Wells Ellen M Jarrett Jeffery M Lin Yu Hong Caldwell Kathleen L Hibbeln Joseph R Apelberg Benjamin J Herbstman Julie Halden Rolf U Witter Frank R Goldman Lynn R |
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| Institution: | aDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;bDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;cInorganic and Radiation Analytical Toxicology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA;dNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;eDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;fThe Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York 10032, USA;gCenter for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA;hDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;iGeorge Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington D.C. 20037, USA |
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| Abstract: | Umbilical cord blood or serum concentrations of mercury, lead, selenium and copper were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in a population of 300 infants born in Baltimore, Maryland. Geometric mean values were 1.37 μg/L (95% confidence interval: 1.27, 1.48) for mercury; 0.66 μg/dL (95% CI: 0.61, 0.71) for lead; and 38.62 μg/dL (95% CI: 36.73, 40.61) for copper. Mean selenium was 70.10 μg/L (95% CI: 68.69, 70.52). Mercury, selenium and copper levels were within exposure ranges reported among similar populations, whereas the distribution of lead levels was lower than prior reports; only one infant had a cord blood lead above 10 μg/dL. Levels of selenium were significantly correlated with concentrations of lead (Spearman's ρ=0.20) and copper (Spearman's ρ=0.51). Multivariable analyses identified a number of factors associated with one of more of these exposures. These included: increase in maternal age (increased lead); Asian mothers (increased mercury and lead, decreased selenium and copper); higher umbilical cord serum n−3 fatty acids (increased mercury, selenium and copper), mothers using Medicaid (increased lead); increasing gestational age (increased copper); increasing birthweight (increased selenium); older neighborhood housing stock (increased lead and selenium); and maternal smoking (increased lead). This work provides additional information about contemporary prenatal element exposures and can help identify groups at risk of atypical exposures. |
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| Keywords: | Mercury Lead Selenium Copper Umbilical cord |
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