呼吸肌群专门训练对优秀女子赛艇运动员有氧耐力和激素水平的影响

目的:探讨呼吸肌群专门训练(SRMT)对优秀女子赛艇运动员最大摄氧量、乳酸阈功率、激素水平等机能指标的影响。方法:国家赛艇队女子公开级运动员12人,依照配艇情况随机分为实验组(6人)和对照组(6人)。两组在60天实验期间进行相同的日常训练,实验组每天还进行3组SRMT。在实验前和结束后1天采用直接法测试最大摄氧量;实验期间,每两周进行1次三级负荷测试乳酸阈功率;实验前后采用放免法测试血睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)。结果:(1)60天SRMT后,实验组和对照组最大摄氧量无显著差异(P>0.05);SRMT后,实验组乳酸阈功率比实验前明显升高(P<0.01),且显著高于对照组(P<0.05);相关性分析显示,乳酸阈功率与呼吸训练器阻力负荷相关系数为0.918(P=0)。(2)60天SRMT后,实验组和对照组血清T均无显著变化(P>0.05);实验组血清皮质醇较实验前显著下降(P<0.05),T/C显著升高(P<0.05),且T/C显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:(1)阶段性SRMT通过有效提高优秀女子赛艇运动员乳酸阈功率,从而提高其有氧耐力水平;(2)60天日常训练结合呼吸肌群专门训练后,女子赛艇运动员血清皮质醇下降,T/C升高,机体合成代谢占主导。

Effects of Specific Respiratory Muscle Training on the Aerobic Capacity and Hormones of Female Elite Rowers

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of specific respiratory muscles training (SRMT)on the VO2max,lactate threshold power and hormones in female rowers from China national rowing team. Methods Twelve open weight female rowers were divided randomly into two groups: SRMT group(n =6,performing a training regime of 30 personal maximal resistance breaths,about 10 minutes once a day) and control group(n =6). Before and after 60 days,VO2max,levels of testosterone(T)and cortical(C)were tested. Lactate threshold power (LTP)was calculated every two weeks. Results ①VO2max changed insignificantly before and after SRMT. Lactate threshold power increased significantly after 60 days of SRMT. The Pearson correlation between lactate threshold and the resistance of SRMT was highly correlated(r=0.918);②T in SRMT group changed insignificantly(P >0.05)and C decreased significantly(P <0.05),T/C ratio increased significantly after 60 days of SRMT(P <0.05). Conclusion ① After 60 days of specific respiratory muscles training, lactate threshold power of female rowers increased significantly,suggesting that specific respiratory muscles training could improve the maximal aerobic capacity. ② Regular training in combination with specific respiratory muscles training increased T/C ratio,showing that anabolism in rower became dominant.