北京市老年人群流行性感冒疫苗免疫效果及成本效益评价

目的评价老年人群接种流行性感冒(流感)疫苗的效果和效益。方法选取北京市朝阳区和宣武区590名接种过流感疫苗,且年龄>60岁的老年人群为接种组,在社区中随机选择与接种组年龄、性别、健康状况等相匹配的602名未接种流感疫苗者为对照组。采用流行病学试验方法,在基线调查的基础上,分别于流感疫苗接种(基线调查)后的第1、3和6个月对试验组和对照组进行随访调查。结果接种组流感样疾病的发病率和就诊率均低于对照组,接种后第1、3和6个月内流感疫苗对流感样疾病的保护率分别为52.38%、36.84%和37.89%;接种流感疫苗减少流感样疾病就诊率分别为45.16%、50.54%和50.54%。接种组患感冒、其他呼吸系统疾病和慢性病的发病率和就诊率低于对照组,接种流感疫苗对感冒、其他呼吸道疾病和其他慢性疾病的保护率分别为49.54%、64.54%和38.82%。老年人群接种流感疫苗后第3和6个月内所获得的效益成本比为4.97∶1和4.98∶1。结论老年人群接种流感疫苗能有效地预防流感样疾病的发生,降低流感相关慢性疾病的发病率和复发率,且能够获得较高的成本效益。

Study on the effectiveness and cost2benef it of influenza vaccine on elderly population in Beijing city

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine in elderly population. METHODS: An quasi-experimental study was used. 590 elderly people who volunteered to receive the influenza vaccine were served as vaccine group, while 602 persons who did not want to receive the inoculation but could match the vaccine group were served as controls. One baseline and three follow-up surveys were carried out. RESULTS: The protective rates of influenza like ill (ILI) as 52.38%, 36.84% and 37.89% with the decreasing rates of visits to ILI clinic as 45.16%, 50.54% and 50.54% were found after 1 month, 3 month and 6 month of inoculation of influenza vaccine; The protective rates of common cold, other respiratory tract or chronic disease were 49.54%, 64.54%, and 38.82%, respectively. The benefit-cost ratio was 4.98:1 in elderly population. CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccination could decrease ILI incidence and recurrence rates of related chronic diseases on elderly population to provide better economic benefits for the elderly.