修复重建外科的生物医用材料

目的阐述生物医用材料在修复重建外科的应用情况.方法根据多年的研究成果,结合国内文献,总结医用材料的临床应用的种类及范围.结果根据需要修复组织的成分结构和病理状态,设计并制造出与其相匹配的生物材料.胶原蛋白、壳聚糖和透明质酸钠已用于修复皮肤、骨、软骨、声带、神经缺损和耳鼓膜,取得了良好的治疗效果.结论由于临床治疗的复杂性,尚需研制出更多、生物相容性更好的材料.

BIOMATERALS USED FOR REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

Objective To investigate the currently-used biomaterials in reparative and reconstructive surgery and to clarify the relationship between the development of biomaterials and the progress of reparative and reconstructive surgery. Methods Based on the author's many years' scientific researches and combined with the literature available at home and abroad, the biomaterials used in the clinical practice, and their kinds and application fields were summarized. Results Based on the sufficient knowledge of the component structure of biomaterials and the patient's pathological status, the matching biomaterials could be designed and developed. According to the analysis on some common defects occurring in the skin, bone, cartilage, vocal cord, nerve, and drum membrane, the methods of repairing the defects with biomaterials that we had developed, such as collagen, chitosan, and hyaluronate, achieved good results. Conclusion The rapid development of biomaterials can greatly promote progress of reparative and reconstructive surgery and there exists a dependence relationship between the two. The related histological responses and the importance of biological estimation after implantation of biomaterials should be emphasized.