青年人和老年人听觉语义启动效应和重复效应的研究*

目的：探讨不同联想强度词汇在听觉刺激条件下对青年人和老年人语义启动效应及重复效应的特征。方法：采用联想词汇库中高、中、低及无联想强度的刺激-联想词汇对作为语义启动的材料，通过检测反应时间和错误率，观察青年人（n=20）和老年人（n=20）在听觉呈现条件下的语义启动效应和重复效应。结果：两组人群反应时间在高、中、低联想强度词汇对较无联想强度词汇对明显缩短（P<0.05）；同等联想强度词汇对条件下，老年人反应时间比青年人明显延长（P<0.05）；第二次测验的反应时间比第一次测验反应时间缩短（P<0.05），重

Study on auditory semantic priming effects and repetition effects for young and old adults

Objective:To explore the characteristics of semantic priming effects and repetition effects of Chinese word-pairs with different association strength by auditory stimulation between young and old adults. Method: Stimulus-response word-pairs with different level of association strength including strong, moderate and weak, and no association categories were chosen from word association thesaurus as experimental materials. Both young (n=20) and old (n=20) adults were requested to finish an auditory lexical decision task for target words. Semantic priming effects and repetition effects were investigated by means of measuring reaction time (RT) and error rate of each word-pair. Result: Both young and old adults, RTs in strong, moderate and weak association strength words were significantly shorter than that in no association strength words (P<0.05). In same association strength words, RT in old adults was significantly longer than that in young adults (P<0.05). RTs in the repetition test, the second test was significantly shorter than the first time (P<0.05). There were not significantly differences in repetition effects between young and old adults. Conclusion: The auditory semantic priming effects are influenced by word-pairs with different association strength and age which don't affect the repetition effects. The results show that speech therapy requires choosing vocabularies as training materials considering with associated strength and different ages. Old adults can acquire the same learning effects by frequent repetitive training as young adults.