骨组织工程支架材料的研究现状与应用前景

背景：目前组织工程骨修复骨缺损在临床应用中较为关键的问题是建立血管网，为新骨的形成提供氧气及营养物质，并为机体提供代谢途径。目的：综述近年组织工程骨支架材料的特点，并着重介绍复合支架材料的研究现状。方法：以“骨组织工程，血管化，支架材料，复合支架材料”为中文检索词，以“bone tissue engineedng，vascularization，scaffold，compositescaffold”英文检索词，应用计算机在中国期刊全文数据库和PubMed数据库检索2001年1月至2014年1月的相关文章，将所有文章进行初步筛选后，对保留的文章进一步详细分析、归纳并总结。结果与结论：按照组织工程骨支架材料的来源不同，可将其分为人工合成材料、天然衍生材料和复合支架材料，单一支架材料难以作为最理想的材料修复骨缺损，复合支架材料能在不同程度上弥补单一支架材料的缺陷，因此近年来组织工程支架材料的发展由单一材料发展为复合材料，并呈现人工合成材料与天然材料有机结合的趋势。但复合支架材料在临床应用中仍然有许多尚待解决的问题，主要有控制复合材料比例，使材料降解速率与组织细胞的生长速率相适应，保持复合材料的多孔隙和高机械强度。

Development of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials

BACKGROUND： Bone tissue engineering is the most promising way to treat bone defects at present. The key problem is to construct vascular networks which can provide oxygen and nutrients for new bone, and thereby provide a way for the body metabolism. OBJECTIVE： To review the characteristics of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials and to introduce the development of composite scaffold materials. METHODS： With the key words of ＂bone tissue engineering, scaffold, vascularization, composite scaffold＂ in Chinese and in English, respectively, a computer-based search was performed for articles published in CNKI and PubMed databases from January 2001 to January 2014. After the initial screening, the reserved artictes were further detailed, summarized and concluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： According to the different sources, the bone tissue engineering scaffold materials can be divided into artificial materials, natural dedvatives and composite scaffold matedals. Single scaffold is difficult to be the most ideal material for repair of bone defects, while composite scaffold can make up for the defects of the single scaffold to different degrees. Therefore, in recent years, the bone tissue engineering scaffolds have developed from single to comPosite scaffolds and there is the trend of organic combination of artificial materials and natural derivatives. However, composite scaffolds have many problems to be solved in the clinicalapplication. The main aspect is to control the proportion of the composite scaffold so that the degradation of materials can be matched with growth of tissues and ceils. The other one is to keep the porous and high mechanical strength of the composite scaffold.