吉林省乾安县地方性氟中毒病情调查结果分析

目的了解乾安县地方性氟中毒病情现状，40年防治效果及防治过程中存在的问题，为调整防治对策，提高防治水平提供科学依据。方法以分层抽样的方法，在乾安地方性氟中毒轻、中、重病区和非病区选取全县人口10％的居民，调查其饮水氟含量，儿童氟斑牙患病率和尿氟排泄量，残废型氟骨症患病率。以及这个县的改水率，防氟井管理使用情况。结果共调查20个村(屯)，其中氟中毒病区12个，非病区8个。轻、中病区和非病区饮水氟含量均值不超过1．0mg/L。重病区不仅饮水氟含量超标，波动范围大，而且个别防氟井的水氟含量高达6．5mg／L。全县改水率78．6％。有17眼防氟井因管理、使用、维护不善等原因不能正常使用。报废井占全县建防氟井数的7．9％。轻、中、重病区氟斑牙患病率分别为32．1％、45．9％和61．3％，缺损型氟斑牙患病为7．5％。而非病区氟斑牙患病率仅9．2％。轻、中、重病区儿童尿氟排泄量在1．0mg／L以上，重病区高达3．36mg／L。非病区则在1．0mg／L以下。1964～1990年，地方性氟中毒病情呈下降趋势，但1995年病情又有回升。结论40年的防治取得了显著效果。地方性氟中毒严重流行趋势已得到遏制。但重、中病区的改水尚未完成。防氟井在建、管、用方面仍存在问题。致使氟中毒病情有所回升。这是当前地方性氟中毒防治工作中值得重视的问题。

The analysis for investigation results of prevalent State of endemic fluorosis in Qian An County of Jilin Province

Objective To Understanding prevalent state, the effect and problem in control process of endemic fluorosis in 40 year of Qian An. In view of the above, to adjusting the way to deal with a situation of prevention and treatment. Methods It has been select 10% residents of whole county for analysis fluorides in drinking water and urine, and rate of dental fluorosis and crippled skeletal fluorosis to used method of layering sampling.Results The 20 villages was investigated, including 12 the disease areas and 8 non the disease areas . Median of Fluorides content in drinking water was below 1.0 mg/L in slight and medium degree the disease areas and non the disease areas, and was over 1.1 mg/L in the serious the disease areas. Changes water rate was 78.6% in whole county, and waste well was 7.9%. The incidence of children suffering from dental fluorosis was 32.1%, 45.9% and 61.3%, respectively in slight, medium and serious degree the disease areas, and was 9.5% in non the disease areas. The urinary fluorides content of the children was over 1.0mg/L in the slight and medium degree the disease areas, and over 3.36mg/L in serious degree the disease areas, and was below 1.0 mg/L in non the disease areas. It appear to decline in 1964 to 1990, and was going up after 1995 in the state of endemic fluorosis.Conclusions The control of endemic fluorosis have acquired marked effect in 40 years. It was to keep within limits for prevalent tend of the disease, but these problem exists in construct, manage and use for the well of preventive endemic fluorosis.