Sleep disturbance in Parkinson disease

Sleep disturbance is common in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), but it is often undetected due to inadequate history taking and poor self-reporting. Impaired sleep can have a severe impact on health, general well being, and quality of life. Sleep problems in PD have many potential causes, including the direct effect of PD itself, adverse events of anti-Parkinsonian medications, daytime sleep disturbance, age related causes, and other comorbidities. Patients with PD and their sleep partners should be asked about sleep disturbances and other night-time symptoms. Treatment strategies rely on identifying causal factors and need to be tailored to the individual and reviewed regularly.