石家庄地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染病原学及流行特征分析

目的　调查石家庄地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染的病原学及流行特征，为当地儿童保健和疾病的预防提供依据。方法　回顾性分析2018年12月~2019年12月在河北省儿童医院治疗的10 079例患儿呼吸道病毒检测资料。采用直接免疫荧光法检测鼻炎分泌物中七种常见呼吸道病毒抗原，包括呼吸道合胞病毒（Respiratorysyncytical virus，RSV），副流感病毒-1型（Parainfluenza virus-1，PIV-1），副流感病毒-2型（Parainfluenza virus-2，PIV-2），副流感病毒-3型（Parainfluenza virus-3，PIV-3），甲型流感病毒（Influenza virus A，IFVA），乙型流感病毒(Influenza virus B，IFVB）和腺病毒（Adenoviridae，ADV）。结果　10 079例患儿中，阳性检测例数2 527例，阳性率为25.07％，检出率由高到低为IFVA（29.01%），RSV（25.96%），PIV-3（19.51%），PIV-1（10.96%），ADV（6.17%），IFVB（3.56%）和PIV-2（3.21%）。春夏秋冬四季检出率依次为20.22%，16.19%，11.91%和51.68%，差异具有统计学意义（χ2 =235.411，P=0.001）。各年龄段检出率不同，1~3岁患儿呼吸道感染率发生最高（35.26%），差异具有统计学意义（χ2=348.227，P=0.001）。男女儿童检出率依次为63.08%和36.92%，差异具有统计学意义（χ2=6.371，P=0.012）。结论　石家庄地区儿童呼吸道病毒感染的主要病原体为IFVA，RSV和PIV-3。不同性别、不同年龄段及不同季节间流行特征均不相同，要对当地儿童做好针对性预防。

Analysis of Etiology and Epidemic Characteristics of Children Respiratory Tract Virus Infection in Shijiazhuang Area

Objective To understand the etiology and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viral infection in children in Shijiazhuang Area,so as to provide basis for local children’s health care and disease prevention.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the respiratory virus detection data of 10079 children treated in Hebei Provincial Children’s Hospital from December 2018 to December 2019.Seven common respiratory virus antigens in rhinitis secretions were detected by direct immunofluorescence method,including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),parainfluenza virus-1(PIV-1),parainfluenza virus-2(PIV-2),parainfluenza virus-3(PIV-3),influenza A(IFVA),influenza B(IFVB)and adenovirus(ADV).Results Among the 10079 cases,2527 cases were positive,the positive rate was 25.07%,the detection rate from high to low was IFVA(29.01%),RSV(25.96%),PIV-3(19.51%),PIV-1(10.96%),ADV(6.17%),IFVB(3.56%)and PIV-2(3.21%).The detection rates in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 20.22%,16.19%,11.91%and 51.68%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=235.411,P=0.001).The incidence of respiratory tract infection was the highest in 1~3 years old children(35.26%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ²=348.227,P=0.001).The detection rate of boys and girls was 63.08%and 36.93%respectively,with statistically significant difference(χ²=6.371,P=0.012).Conclusion IFVA,RSV and PIV-3 were the main pathogens of respiratory tract virus infection in Shijiazhuang.The epidemic characteristics of different genders,different age groups and different seasons are different,so it is necessary to make targeted prevention for local children.