三峡坝区三期蓄水期间并殖吸虫病流行病学调查

目的了解大坝建设和三期蓄水对并殖吸虫流行的影响,为三峡大坝完工后建立疾病预测系统,开展监测工作提供参考。方法调查坝区不同水位并殖吸虫第二中间宿主溪蟹密度及其种群构成,沉渣镜检溪蟹的并殖吸虫囊蚴。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测人群血清并殖吸虫IgG抗体。结果并殖吸虫第二中间宿主溪蟹的囊蚴感染率自三期蓄水前的6.53%下降到三期蓄水后的4.04%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);人群并殖吸虫抗体IgG检测阳性率自2006年0.75%上升至2007年的2.25%,差别无统计学意义(P0.05);坝区人群生食虾蟹者占1.00%,饮生水者占41.65%。并殖吸虫健康防病知识知晓率低于35.00%。结论在三峡大坝水位逐步升高过程中,坝区并殖吸虫病流行处于稳定状态,未受大坝建设和蓄水明显影响。

The epidemiological survey of paragonimiasis during the third phase of water storage in Three Gorges Dam Area

Aim To understand the impact of construction of the Three Gorges Dam and the water storage project on the paragonimiasis. Methods Epidemiological survey was performed on the density and population variations of crabs. Metacercaria was detected in freshwater crabs by anatomical lens and the infection rate was calculated. Serum IgG antibodies against paragnnimus of the crowd were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）,and questionnaire survey was carried out simultaneously. Results As water level of Three Gorges Dam rised from 135 meters to 156 meters, infection rate of crabs had been decreased from 6.53% to 4.04% ,and there was no statistical significance compared with the infection rate before and after the water storage. At the same time,the positive rate of IgG antibody against paragonimus increased from 0.75% to 2.25%, and there was no statistical significance. In Three Gorges Dam Area, the residents of eating raw crabs accounted for 1.00% of total population and that drinking unboiled water accounted for 41.65%. The residents knew what the symbol of paragonimiasis and how to prevent paragonimiasis accounted for lower than 35.00%. Conclusion The epidemiology of paragonimus is in a stable status in Three Gorges Dam Area , which was little influenced by the construction of the big dam and the third phase water storage.