高致敏尿毒症患者肾移植术前的脱敏治疗及效果

目的 探讨高致敏尿毒症患者肾移植术前脱敏治疗的可行性和效果.方法 等待肾移植的群体反应性抗体(PRA,抗HLA Ⅰ类抗体)＞50%的尿毒症患者35例,27例的T淋巴细胞和(或)B淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验阳性,8例T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验为阴性.移植前接受血浆置换(PP)联合静脉注射小剂量免疫球蛋白(IVIG)进行脱敏治疗.采用美国One Lambda公司抗原板检测PRA,并用相应电脑软件分析抗HLA抗体特异性.当淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验为阴性时接受肾移植.结果 淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验阳性的27例中,25例(92.6%,25/27)在PP+IVIG治疗(6.2±2.1)次后转为阴性,其抗HLA Ⅰ类抗体从治疗前的(77±14)%下降至(36±17)%(P＜0.01),抗HLA Ⅱ类抗体从治疗前的(52±33)%降至(37±30)%(P＜0.01),最终接受了肾移植;另2例因淋巴细胞毒交叉配合试验持续阳性而放弃肾移植.接受肾移植的25例中,有8例(32.0%,8/25)发生急性排斥反应,其中5例(62.5%,5/8)为急性体液性排斥反应(AHR),均经治疗后逆转.随访(52±26)个月,受者术后1年和2年时的血肌酐分别为(112±18)μmol/L和(130±38)μmol/L.移植肾1年和3年存活率分别为96.0%和80.0%.结论 肾移植前采用PP+IVIG能有效地对高致敏患者进行脱敏治疗,但术后AHR发生率较高,其近期效果可以接受,远期效果还有待观察.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of desensitization protocol for highly sensitized renal transplant patients (HSP). Methods Thirty-five HSPs ( HLA class-Ⅰ panel reactive antibody ＞50 %), including 27 patients with a positive T and/or B cell cytotoxicity crossmatch (XM) and 8 patients with a negative T and B cell XM, received plasmapheresis plus intravenous immunoglobulin (PP-IVIG)treatment. Results The positive XM was rendered negative by PP-IVIG treatment in 25 of 27 (92.6 %)HSPs, and subsequent transplantation was performed. Two patients did not receive renal transplants due to persistent positive XM. In 25 patients receiving renal transplants, no hyperacute rejection occurred. There were 8 cases of acute rejection, including 5 cases of acute humoral rejection (AHR). All rejection episodes were reversed. During a follow-up period of 52 ± 26 months, the serum creatinine levels at 12th and 24th month were 112± 18 and 130 ± 38 mol/L respectively. The 1- and 3-year graft survival rate was 96. 0 %and 80. 0 % respectively. Conclusion The desensitization therapy by PP-IVIG is effective for HSP. High rate of AHR is the major defect of this protocol. The short-term graft survival rate after this protocol is acceptable but the long-term survival rate needs to be defined.

Effect of desensitization treatment for highly sensitized uremic patients before kidney transplantation

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of desensitization protocol for highly sensitized renal transplant patients (HSP). Methods Thirty-five HSPs ( HLA class-Ⅰ panel reactive antibody ＞50 %), including 27 patients with a positive T and/or B cell cytotoxicity crossmatch (XM) and 8 patients with a negative T and B cell XM, received plasmapheresis plus intravenous immunoglobulin (PP-IVIG)treatment. Results The positive XM was rendered negative by PP-IVIG treatment in 25 of 27 (92.6 %)HSPs, and subsequent transplantation was performed. Two patients did not receive renal transplants due to persistent positive XM. In 25 patients receiving renal transplants, no hyperacute rejection occurred. There were 8 cases of acute rejection, including 5 cases of acute humoral rejection (AHR). All rejection episodes were reversed. During a follow-up period of 52 ± 26 months, the serum creatinine levels at 12th and 24th month were 112± 18 and 130 ± 38 mol/L respectively. The 1- and 3-year graft survival rate was 96. 0 %and 80. 0 % respectively. Conclusion The desensitization therapy by PP-IVIG is effective for HSP. High rate of AHR is the major defect of this protocol. The short-term graft survival rate after this protocol is acceptable but the long-term survival rate needs to be defined.