Neuronal activity in monkey visual areas V1, V2, V4, and TEO during fixation task

We analyzed 577 neurons recorded from visual areas V1, V2, V4, and the inferotemporal area (TEO) of macaque monkeys, which performed a visual fixation task and a spot-off-on (blink) test during the fixation period. Among these neurons, 35% were defined as task-related cells, because they gave responses at the task-start, fixation, or task-end periods but were unresponsive to the spot blink, which was physically identical to these stimuli. Blink-responsive cells accounted for 29% and task-unresponsive cells for 30% of the neurons. The task-related response was large and frequent in V4 (34%) and TEO (41%), but small and less frequent in V1 (31%) and V2 (27%). Other observations further demonstrated nonsensory activities in these areas: In some cells, response to the fixation spot was inhibitory, whereas light stimulation on the fovea was excitatory; some V1 and V2 cells had color-irrelevant responses, and some cells responded to the spot-off only when the monkey regarded it as a task-end cue.