上海市长宁区碘缺乏病高危人群的相关知识和行为研究

目的 了解长宁区孕妇、家庭主妇和学生预防碘缺乏病健康教育状况。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法，对240名孕妇、275名家庭主妇和321名小学生进行调查。结果 孕妇对于碘缺乏病对胎儿和儿童的危害认识不足(分别为24．2％和76．3％)，年龄越大，知识和行为越好；家庭主妇对预防碘缺乏病知识掌握不够，能全面认识碘缺乏病危害的仅占18．5％，但在实际购买使用碘盐方面尚可；学生的预防碘缺乏病知识和行为较好，能全面认识碘缺乏病危害占85．3％，比孕妇和家庭主妇都高。结论 应进一步加强对孕妇、家庭主妇的教育，同时促进学生对家长的碘缺乏病知识健康教育。

Knowledge and Practice about Iodine Deficiency Disorders among Pregnant Women, Housewives, and Pupils in Changning District, Shanghai

Objective To survey the present situation of knowledge and practice about iodine deficiency disorders among pregnant women, housewives, and students in Changning District, Shanghai Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 240 pregnant women, 275 housewives, and 321 fifth grade primary school pupils in Changning District, Shanghai by random sampling Results Only 69 3% of the pregnant women knew the logo of iodated salt, 54 6% of them intentionally bought iodated salt However, more than 80% of them used iodated salt correctly Less than half of them knew the harm of IDD to pregnancy The older the pregnant women, the higher their knowledge score and behavior score 91 3% of the housewives used iodated salt, and only 54 6% of them intentionally bought iodated salt About 80% of them knew and made the practice of adding salt when the dish is almost done 80 0% of them knew the relationship between iodine deficiency and goiter, and only 18 5% of them knew comprehensively the harm of IDD The higher their educational level, the higher their knowledge score and behavior score More than 85% of the pupils knew the harm of IDD well 61 7% of them communicated the IDD knowledge to their parents, and only 49 0% of the parents listened to their children's opinions Conclusion Most of the women in Shanghai uses iodated salt correctly However, their knowledge about IDD remains to be strengthened The pupils of Shanghai know more about IDD than their parents However, they fail to communicate IDD knowledge to their parents