金属汞危害的职业流行病学研究

应用职业流行病学方法,讨论汞接触与汞危害关系,对现行汞标准进行评价。调查接汞者1220(女工776)名,对照组944(女工592)名。汞接触水平均0.1mg/m~3内,所见症状与接汞水平、尿汞、工龄与年龄有关;女工的神经系统症状发生较男工为甚。空气汞、尿汞与中毒症状间存在剂量反应关系;空气汞与尿汞值之比约1:1.67,尿汞水平在0.05mg/L以下时,接汞水平相当于0.03mg/m~3,在此汞接触水平下,连续接触10年,汞中毒发生率为1.9％。提示以保护97％接汞人群不发生中毒为水准,建议汞的卫生标准由0.01mg/m~3修订为0.03mg/m~3。

A Study of Occupational Epidemiology on the Hazards of Element Mercury

In this study, the relationship betweenelement mercury (Hg) and its hazards wasdiscussed and current hygienic standard ofHg was revaluated using methods of occupa-tional epidemiology. The subjects investigatedwere 1220 mercury exposed workers (includ-ing 776 females) and 944 controls (including592 females). The investigation showed thatthe sequel symptoms were correlated withmercury exposure level, urine mercury (Hg-U), length of working, and age, when at airconcentration of below 0.1 mg/m~3, and thatthe neurasthenia symptoms in female work-ers were more severe than in male workers.There was dose-effect relationship betweenairborne mercury (Hg-A), Hg-U and intoxic-ant symptoms. The ratio of Hg-A to Hg-U is1:1.67,that is,the Hg-U level below 0.05mg/Lwas commensurated with the air exposurelevel of 0.03 mg/m~3. Given mercury exposu-re below this level continuous for 10 years,the incidence of mercurialism was 1.9%. Thisprovides the principle of preventing 97%mer-cury exposed population from mercurialism.The author suggests to revise the value of cur-rent hygienic standard for Hg in our countryfrom 0.01mg/m~3 to 0.03mg/m~3.