小胶质细胞的特征及其在视网膜疾病中的作用

小胶质细胞是组织定居的免疫监控细胞，可感知大脑和视网膜的神经微环境，在视网膜神经元变性和凋亡时迅速激活，是许多视网膜疾病的共同标志物。小胶质细胞还参与发育期直至成熟期的神经回路的重塑以及新生血管的生成。本文归纳小胶质细胞的来源和特征，综述其参与视网膜免疫防御以及多种疾病发生机制的研究进展。

Properties of microglia and its functions in retinal diseases

Microglia cells , one kind of specialized resident immune monitoring cell, detect and respond to subtle changes of microenvironment in brain and retina. In the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders and apoptosis , microglia cells facilitate prompt reactions. As a result, the activation of microglia becomes a common hallmark of many retinal diseases. Moreover.microglia cells also participate in the neuronal circuitry refinement and shaping of angiogenesis both in developing and adult retina. This article try to give an overview of the origin and features of microglia cells , summarizing how microglia cells play a role in the retinal host defense and pathogenesis of multiple retinal diseases.