青光眼视神经损伤机制的研究进展

青光眼是目前全球范围内致盲性最高的疾病之一，是以进行性视网膜神经节细胞丧失、不可逆的视野损害等病理性改变为特征，最终导致视神经萎缩及视功能丧失的疾病。目前青光眼的发病机制并不完全清楚，其中视神经损伤的机制有多种学说，包括眼压因素及非眼压因素，非眼压因素包括血管因素、免疫作用、远端轴突病变、氧化应激作用、细胞因子的变化及自噬等机制。本文综述了有关青光眼视神经损伤机制的研究进展，为进一步研究青光眼视神经病变提供依据。

Research progress on optic nerve impairment mechanism in glaucoma

Glaucoma is one of the most leading cause of blindness diseases worldwide.which characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and irreversible visual field impairment, finally leads to optic atrophy and loss of visual function. Currently , the pathogenesis of glaucoma has not been fully understood yet , there are many theories for the mechanism ,which are involved in optic nerve damage , and related factors include the intraocular pressure and non-intraocular pressure factors , such as vascular disorders ,the immunologic influence , distal axonal lesions . oxidative stress , cytokines alteration and autophagy. This article reviews the resent investigations on the mechanism involving in impairment of optic nerve of primary glaucoma, provides some clues for the future further study of the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma.