小儿沙门菌肠炎344例病原菌分布及药敏试验结果

目的了解中山市区腹泻儿童中沙门菌感染的流行病学特征及其对抗菌药物敏感性，为临床选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法中山市博爱医院2009年9月至2013年4月儿科门诊及住院腹泻患儿的粪便标本中，共检出沙门菌属344株，检出率为5．0％，采用V1TEK-2Compact进行药敏试验。结果344株沙门菌属经血清学鉴定，鼠伤寒沙门菌185株（53．8％），斯坦利沙门菌43株（12．5％），肠炎沙门菌29株（8．4％）。男女比例为1．8：1；〈1岁的婴儿占68．9％。药敏试验结果显示，沙门菌属对左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、头孢曲松有较高的敏感率，为88．9％～98．0％，对氨苄西林敏感率较低，为39．2％。结论中山市区引起儿童腹泻的沙门菌属感染以鼠伤寒沙门菌为主，其次为斯坦利沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌。夏秋季为高发季节。1岁以下婴儿为易感人群，男性患儿较多。治疗时应根据药敏试验合理、谨慎选用抗生素。

Pathogenic species and antibiotic sensitivity in 344 children with Salmonella enteritis

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella infection in children with diarrhea in Zhongshan City for rational use of antibiotics. Methods A total of 6 920 stool specimens were collected from children with diarrhea including outpatients and inpatients in Zhongshan Boai Hospital from September 2009 to April 2013. Salmonella strains （n = 344） were isolated and identified by enrichment culture. The overall infection rate was 5. （） （344/6 920）. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by VITEK 2 Compact automicroscan. Results Of the 344 strains of Sal- monella, 185 （53.8） strains were Salmonella typhimurium, 43 （12.5%） were Sahnonella stanley, 29 （8.4） were Sal monella enteritidis. The male to-female ratio was 1.8 ： 1 for the children with diarrhea. The infection rate was 68.9 （237/ 344） in children under 1 year old, Susceptibility testing results indicated that majority （88.9 98. （）） of these Salmonella strains were susceptible to levofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, but to ampicillin, 39.2 o{ the strains were susceptible. Conclusions Most Salmonella in%ctions in Zhongshan City were caused by Salmonella typhimurium, followed by Salmonella stanley and Salmonella enteritidis. Such infections usually peak in summer and autumn seasons. The chidren under 1-year old were more susceptible to Sahnonella infections. Higher incidence of infection is associat ed with boys. Antibiotics should be chosen reasonably and prudently based on antimicrobial sensitivity testing.