造血干细胞的血管分化及其在肢体缺血性疾病中的治疗作用

造血干细胞是最早发现、研究最深入的组织干细胞,造血干细胞移植已成功治疗了多种血液及免疫性疾病.很早以前,有人推测造血干细胞和血管干细胞来自共同的干细胞-血液血管母细胞.近年研究显示,造血干细胞具有分化血管内皮细胞的能力.动物实验显示,缺血部位造血干细胞移植可以促进血管新生,改善肢体缺血.临床小规模试验研究表明,应用骨髓和外周血造血干细胞移植可以显著促进缺血下肢的血管重建.本文简要介绍骨髓、外周血、脐血造血干细胞的血管分化功能及其在肢体缺血性疾病中的治疗作用.

Vascular differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and possible application in the treatment of limb ischemic diseases

Hematopoietic stem cell(HSC)is the first discovered and well studied tissue stem cell. HSC transplantation has been successfully applied to cure a variety of diseases of hematological and immunological systems. It has long believed that HSC and angioblast come from the common stem cell, the hemangioblast. Recently, HSC has been demonstrated to be able to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells. In animal in vivo models, HSC transplantation can promote angiogenesis and improve limb ischemia. Several pilot clinical studies have shown that transplantation of bone marrow and granulocyte colony stimulating factor mobilized peripheral blood HSC promoted vascular reconstitution in ischemic limbs. Umbilical cord blood has been an important source of HSC for clinical transplantation. Animal studies have demonstrated the efficiency of cord blood HSC transplantation in improving critical limb ischemia. These studies have provided evidences that HSC can be used for the treatment of vascular diseases.