Service use and costs for people with headache: a UK primary care study |
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Authors: | Paul McCrone Paul T. Seed Andrew J. Dowson Lucy V. Clark Laura H. Goldstein Myfanwy Morgan Leone Ridsdale |
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Affiliation: | (1) P024, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK;(2) Division of Reproduction and Endocrinology, King’s College London, London, UK;(3) King’s College Hospital, London, UK;(4) Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK;(5) Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK;(6) Department of Public Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK;(7) Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK |
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Abstract: | This paper aims to estimate the service and social costs of headache presenting in primary care and to identify predictors of headache costs. Patients were recruited from GP practices in England and service use and lost employment recorded. Predictors of cost were identified using regression models. Service and social costs were available on 288 and 282 patients, respectively. Average service costs over 3 months were £117 whilst total costs (including lost production) were £582. Patients referred to neurologists had service costs that were £82 higher than those not referred (90% CI £36–£128). Costs including lost employment were higher by £150, but this was not significant (90% CI -£139–£439). The annual mean service and social costs, weighted to represent population rates of referral, were £468 and £2328, respectively. Higher costs were significantly related to pain. Age was linked to higher service costs and lower social costs. The figures extrapolated to the whole of the UK suggest £956 million due to service use and £4.8 billion including lost employment. These are likely to be underestimates because many people experiencing headaches do not consult their GP. |
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Keywords: | Economics Costs analysis Primary care Headache |
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