北京社区老年人群高血压防治现况的综合评价

目的:综合评价北京老年人群高血压防治现况。方法:在宣武区、海淀区和通州区各选择1～2个社区，分别代表北京市城区、城乡结合部和农村。对调查社区60岁以上的老年人按20％的比例抽样，人户调查。结果:农村地区老年人高血压患病率最高，为64．3％，城乡结合部次之，为61．0％，城区最低，为53．4％；而农村老年人高血压的知晓率、药物与非药物治疗率、控制率、血压测量率、高血压及相关疾病的知识得分远低于城区和城乡结合部。在钙离子拮抗剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂、利尿剂和复方降压药这几类降压药中，复方类降压药物是老年人高血压患者的首选药物，特别是在农村和城乡结合部，分别达88．5％和83．7％。决定患者使用何种抗高血压药物的主要因素是疗效、医嘱和价格。社区卫生服务中心在高血压防治中发挥了主要作用，电视和广播是老年人获得健康知识和信息的主要来源。结论北京市农村老年人高血压防治工作急待加强，通过电视和广播加强健康教育是有效而重要的手段。

Comprehensive evaluation on hypertension control among Beijing community elderly

Objective To evaluation the hypertension control in Beijing elderly people. Methods In 2002,three communities were selected from urban,suburb and rural regions from Beijing,respectively. Twenty percent of the elderly were randomly selected from three communities and were interviewed about information on hypertension control and blood pressure was measured. Results The prevalence of hypertension was the highest in the rural region and the rates were 64.3%,61.0% and 53.4% in rural,suburb and urban regions,respectively. However,the rates of awareness,treatment (both pharmacological treatment and non-pharmacological treatment) and control of hypertension as well as the frequency of blood pressure measurement and the knowledge about hypertension and related diseases were the lowest in the rural region. Among all kinds of anti-hypertensive drugs (including calcium antagonists,ACE-inhibitors,Beta-blockers,diuretics and combination of anti-hypertensive drug),the combination of anti-hypertensive drug was most popular among elderly,especially in the rural and suburb regions and the proportions were as high as 88.5% and 83.7% respectively. The effectiveness of anti-hypertensive medicines,physicians' advice and the price of medicines were firstly considered before the elderly decided which kind of anti-hypertensive medicines they wanted to use. The community health services were popular in hypertension control and television and radio played dominant roles in health education. Conclusions The hypertension control in rural region in Beijing should be more concerned. Television and radio are the most effective and acceptable methods for health education among elderly.