不同学历实习护生压力源、压力及其应对的相关性研究

目的]了解不同学历实习护生压力源及其产生的压力水平、应对方式和自我效能感的水平,探讨实习护生应对方式、自我效能感与压力水平的关系。方法]选择在上海交通大学医学院附属的5所医院中实习的312名护生,其中本科86人,大专127人,中专99人,应用实习护生压力源量表、简易应对方式问卷、一般自我效能感量表,于实习期进行调查。结果]①不同学历护生在实习期间各方面的压力源产生的压力差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;不同学历实习护生产生压力的前10位压力源及其排序有所不同,但变化不是很大。②不同学历实习护生应对方式差异无统计学意义;压力水平与消极应对呈正相关（r=0.148,P〈0.01）。③中专实习护生的自我效能感处于低水平;实习护生的一般自我效能感与压力水平呈负相关（r=-0.145,P〈0.05）。结论]不同学历护生实习期间存在中等水平的压力;不同学历实习护生产生压力的前10位压力源及其排序有所不同,但变化不是很大;应对方式与压力水平密切相关,积极的应对方式有助于降低压力水平;自我效能感与压力水平存在密切关系,提高自我效能感水平有助于降低压力水平。

Study on relativity among pressure source,pressure and coping of student nurses with different educational background

Objective：To know about pressure source and its pressure levels,coping styles and self-efficacy level of student nurses of different educational background,and to probe into relationships among coping styles,self-efficacy and pressure level of student nurses.Methods：A total of 312 student nurses from five affiliated hospitals of medical college of Shanghai Jiaotong University were investigated by adopting pressure source rating scale,simple coping style questionnaire and self-efficacy rating scale during their practice.Among all,educational background of 86 nurses were college level,127 nurses were in high special school level and 99 were in trade school level.Results：①There were statistical significant differences in terms of pressures producing from various resources among student nurses with different educational background（P〈 0.01）.②There were no statistical significant differences in terms of coping styles among student nurses with different educational background.Pressure level of student nurses was positively correlated to negative coping（r=0.148,P〈 0.01）.③The self-efficacy of trade school nursing students was at a low level.And self-efficacy of student nurses was negatively correlated to their pressure level（r=-0.145,P〈 0.05）.Conclusion：Student nurses of different educational background have a moderate level of pressures during clinical practice.The first ten pressure sources producing the pressure and its orders among student nurses of different educational background were different.However,the changes were not so big.There was a close relationship between coping styles and the pressure level of student nurses.Positive coping styles can help to reduce the pressures level of student nurses.The self-efficacy of student nurses had a close relationship with their pressure level.Therefore,to enhance the self-efficacy of student nurses can help them to decrease their pressure level.