Effects of dark-rearing on the vascularization of the developmental rat visual cortex

Cerebral vascular density corresponds to metabolic demand, which increases in highly active areas. External inputs play an important role in the modeling and development of the visual cortex. Experience-mediated development is very active during the first postnatal month, when accurate simultaneous blood supply is needed to satisfy increased demand. We studied the development of visual cortex vascularization in relation to experience, comparing rats raised in darkness with rats raised in standard conditions. The parameters measured were cortical thickness, vascular density and number of perpendicular vessels, constituting the first stage of cortical vascular development. Vessels were stained using butyryl cholinesterase histochemistry, which labels some neurons and microvascularization (vessels from 5 to 50 μm). Animals from both groups were sampled at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 60 days postnatal. Vascularization of the brain starts with vertically oriented intracortical vascular trunks whose density decreases notably after birth in rats reared in standard laboratory conditions. The most striking finding of our work is the significantly lower decrease in the number of these vessels in dark-reared rats. Our results also show that cortex thickness and vessel density are significantly lower in dark-reared rats. These results suggest that the absence of visual stimuli retards the maturation of the visual cortex including its vascular bed.