先天性心脏病介入治疗并发症分析

目的 探讨先天性心脏病(先心病)介入治疗中和治疗后并发症的发生率、原因及防治措施.方法 自1986年4月至2009年4月,阜外心血管病医院共有6029例先心病施行了介入治疗,对介入治疗中和治疗后发生的388例并发症和5例死亡的患者作回顾性分析.将遗留严重功能障碍及需要经介入或外科手术处理的并发症定为严重并发症,将患者离开导管室后发生的严重并发症定为迟发.结果 6029例先心病患者介入术中及术后并发症总发生率为6.44%,其中房间隔缺损(ASD)组的并发症为7.69%(184/2392);动脉导管未闭(PDA)组为4.20%(87/2070);肺动脉瓣球囊成形术组为1.31%(10/761);室间隔缺损组为14.94%(85/569);体肺侧支栓塞术组为3.13%(3/96);肺动静脉畸形栓塞术组为30.95%(13/42);冠状动脉瘘栓塞术组为12.50%(2/16);主动脉窦瘤破裂封堵术组为20.00%(2/10);主动脉瓣球囊成形术组为66.67%(2/3).6029例中严重并发症发生率为0.65%,其中迟发的严重并发症发生率为0.22%.总病死率为0.08%,其中肺动脉瓣球囊成形术组为0.26%(2/761),PDA封堵术组为0.05(1/2070),房间隔造口术组为9.10%(1/11),主动脉瓣球囊成形术组为33.33%(1/3).紧急手术占0.22%(13/6029),择期手术占0.13%(8/6029),安装永久起搏器占0.03%(2/6029),其余并发症均经保守治疗或介入处理.结论 先心病介入治疗的严重并发症及病死率低,术前应与患者及其亲属进行充分沟通,术后应作严格随访,尤其警惕部分介入治疗术后迟发并发症的发生.

Analysis of complications during and post interventional therapy of congenital heart disease

Objective To analyze the incidence and cause of complications during and after interventional therapy for congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods From April 1986 to April 2009, 388 out of 6029 patients with CHD developed complications during and post interventional therapy, another 5 patients died post procedure, clinical data from these 393 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with severe functional insufficiency requiring intervention or surgery during and after interventional therapy were classified as severe complications. Results The overall complication rate was 6. 44% 7.69% post atrial septal defect occlusion, 4.20% post patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion, 1.31% post percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, 14.94% post veatricular septal defect occlusion, 3.13% post percutaneous closure of aortopulmonary collaterals, 30.95% post catheter embolotherapy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 12.50% post transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulae, 20.00% post transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsava aneurysm, 66. 67% post percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty]. The severe complication rate was 0.65% (39/6029). The procedure-related mortality rate was 0.08% (5/6029), 0.26% (2/761) post percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, 0.05% (1/2070)post PDA occlusion, 9.10% (1/11) post balloon atrial septostomy, 33.33% (1/3) post percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty. Emergency Cardiovascular surgery rate was 0.22% (13/6029). Selective surgery was required in 0.13% (8/6029)of patients post procedure. Two patients (0.03%) received permanent pacemaker implantation. Conclusions The severe complications and mortality rate of interventional therapy for CHD are relative low. Post procedure follow-up is needed fro monitoring possible procedure-related complications.