分期立体定向双侧多靶点毁损术治疗帕金森病第二次手术单项症状改善率及其并发症分析

背景帕金森病患者第1次手术后肢体症状有所缓解,随病程进展或病情复发,肢体症状会加重,药物不能控制时需要行第2次手术来缓解症状.目的探讨第2次手术治疗帕金森病患者单项症状改善率及其并发症的差异.设计病例分析.单位解放军第一五三中心医院神经外科和解放军第四军医大学唐都医院神经外科.对象选择1997-10/2002-12到解放军第一五三中心医院神经外科和第四军医大学唐都医院神经外科就诊的原发性帕金森病患者387例,两次均在同一医院治疗350例,第1次在外院手术,第2次来本院治疗37例.两次手术间隔时间半年以内36例,0.5～0.9年72例,1.0～1.9年108例,2.0～5.0年171例.方法所有患者均在立体定向微电极引导下,采用靶点的影像学定位、微电极记录、微电极刺激探测靶点、射频电极刺激验证靶点,行分期双侧苍白球腹后内侧部或丘脑腹中间核毁损术,术前及术后1周在药物"开"状态下(药物开始起作用时,患者活动自如,处于"开"状态);"关"状态下(当药物失去作用时,患者的活动变得困难,处于"关"状态)进行统一帕金森病评定量表评分.主要观察指标①帕金森病患者第2次手术单项症状改善率.②帕金森病患者第2次手术后并发症与第1次比较.结果387例患者全部进入结果分析.①两次单项症状改善率第2次手术单项症状改善率低于第1次(震颤95.4%,96.9%;僵直94.6%,95.1%;运动迟缓88.9%,92.3%;步态62.3%,67.1%;平衡65.1%,69.4%;异动症和痛性痉挛95.8%,98.0%),但经统计学处理,差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).②两次手术后统一帕金森病评定量表评分均低于术前(P＜0.01).第2次手术开状态下统一帕金森病评定量表评分平均改善率为46.8%,关状态下平均改善率为53.5%,低于第一次手术(51.5%,61.6%).③帕金森病患者两次手术后并发症比较第2次手术的特异性并发症,包括乏力感,流涎,音量降低,假性球麻痹,嗜睡,呃逆,尿失禁,尿潴留等明显高于第1次手术(P＜0.05).脑出血发生率低于第1次手术.结论①第2次手术的单项症状改善率和统一帕金森病评定量表评分较低,可能是第2次手术时患者病情较第1次重,多处于帕金森病晚期的原因.②第2次手术的特异性并发症明显增高,可能与患者的年龄、病情、体质、手术方式、时间间隔有关.两次手术非特异性并发症发生率基本相同(脑出血、感染),说明第2次手术的出血风险并未增加.

Analysis of the symptom improvement and complication of patients with Parkinson disease following the second staged stereotactic bilateral multi-targets surgery

BACKGROUND: Although improvement could be achieved after the first operation, limb symptoms of patients would aggravate with the progress or reoccurrence of Parkinson disease (PD), thereby second operation would become necessary if symptom could not be controllel by medication.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improving rate of symptoms and complications of patients with PD after the second operation.DESIGN: Case analysisSETTING: Neurosurgery Department of 153th Military Central Hospital and Neurosurgery Department of Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 387 primary PD patients were collected from Neurosurgery Department of 153th Military Central Hospital and Neurosurgery Department of Tangdu Hospital Affiliated to the Fourth Military Medical College of Chinese PLA from October 1997 to December 2002.Totally 350 patients received two operations in the same hospital, and other 37 patients received the first operation at other hospital and the second operation in our hospital. The intervals of two operations were within half a year in 36 cases, 0.5-0.9 year in 72 cases, 1.0-1.9 years in 108 cases and 2.0-5.0 years in 171 cases respectively.METHODS: Under the stereotactic microelectrode-guidance, the targets of all patients were subjected to iconographical orientation, microelectrode record, microelectrode stimulation and exploration and radio frequency microelectrode verification before just stage bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) or thalamus ventral intermediate nucleus damage(TVIND),unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) was used at preoperative and postoperative "on" state (at the beginning of medication, patients move freely and stays in "on" state) as well as "off" state (when medication loss function, patients displays moving disability and stays in "off" state).complication between two operation .RESULTS: Data of 387 patients were remained in the results analysis.operation was lower than that of first operation (tremor 95.4%, 96.9%;rigidity 94.6%, 95.1%; bradykinesia 88.9%, 92.3%; gait 62.3%, 67.1%;balance 65.1%, 69.4%, akinesia and cramp 95.8%, 98.0%), but no diffor UPDRS were lower than that of preoperative scores (P ＜ 0.01). The mean total UPDRS scores improved by 46.8% in the "on" state and 53.5% in the "off" state after second operation, lower than that of first tive complications: The occurrenceof complications that was specific for the second operation including fatigue, salivation, reduced voice, fake bulbar paralysis, lethargy, hiccough, urinary incontinence, urinary retention were found higher than that of after the first operation (P ＜ 0.05).The occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage was also lower than that of after first operation.UPDRS were lower in the second operation, which may be due to that PD of postoperative complications which was specific for the second operation was obviously increased, which possibly associated with age, state of illness, constitution, operation type and interval between operations. But occurrence of non-specific postoperative complications was basically the same in two operations (cerebral hemorrhage and inflammation), suggesting that hemorrhage risk did not increased due to the second operation.